Revenue Recognition:

The Company recognizes revenue when performance obligations related to respective revenue streams are met. For grant revenue, the Company considers the performance obligation met when the grant related expenses are incurred or supplies and materials are received. The Company is paid in tranches pursuant to terms of the related grant agreements, and then applies payments based on regular expense reimbursement submissions to grantors. There are no remaining performance obligations or variable consideration once grant expense reporting to the grantor is complete. For clinical trial revenue, the Company considers the performance obligation met when the participant has received the treatment. The Company usually receives prepayment for these services or receives payment at the time the treatment is provided, and there are no remaining performance obligations or variable consideration once the participant received the treatment. For contract manufacturing revenue, the Company considers the performance obligation met when the contractual obligation and / or statement of work has been satisfied. Additionally, the Company's contract manufacturing agreements include a lease component, under which customers pay a fixed monthly fee per

suite to reserve and maintain a dedicated manufacturing suite with one production line. Customers may also secure additional suites based on capacity needs, which are billed at a fixed fee per suite per month. furthermore, customers pay the Company a fixed fee per month for storage of in-process samples, vialed harvests for training, and in-process samples for product lots. As these arrangements grant customers the right to control the use of an identified space, the Company classifies the suite reservation fees and storage fees as lease revenue in accordance with ASC 842 Leases. Payment terms may vary depending on specific contract terms. In 2024, the Company derived 100% of its contract manufacturing revenue from a single customer, resulting in a significant concentration of revenue risk. Should this customer terminate their business relationship, the Company's contract manufacturing revenue could be materially adversely impacted.

Revenue by source (in thousands):

 

 

Year Ended
December 31,

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Clinical trial revenue

 

$

1,402

 

 

$

668

 

Contract manufacturing lease revenue

 

 

503

 

 

 

-

 

Contract manufacturing revenue

 

 

487

 

 

 

-

 

National Institute of Health - grant

 

 

-

 

 

 

41

 

Total

 

$

2,392

 

 

$

709

 

The Company records cost of revenues based on expenses directly related to revenue. For Grants, the Company records allocated expenses for Research and development costs to a grant as a cost of revenues. For the Clinical trial revenue directly related expenses for that program are expensed as incurred. These expenses are similar to those described under “Research and development expense” below. For the contract manufacturing, the Company records costs incurred under the contract as cost of revenues.

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.