8. INSTRUMENTS AND CREDIT RISK CONCENTRATIONS:

The following disclosure of estimated fair value was determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methods. Considerable judgment is necessary to develop estimates of fair value. The estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized upon disposition of the financial instruments.

The Company estimates the fair value of its financial instruments using the following methods and assumptions: (i) quoted market prices, when available, are used to estimate the fair value of investments in marketable debt and equity securities; (ii) discounted cash flow analyses are used to estimate the fair value of long-term debt, using the Company’s estimate of current interest rates for similar debt; and (iii) carrying amounts in the consolidated balance sheet approximate fair value for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and tenant security deposits due to their high liquidity.

                       
   July 31, 2024   July 31, 2023 
   Carrying
Value
   Fair
Value
   Carrying
Value
   Fair
Value
 
Cash and cash equivalents  $1,243,977   $1,243,977   $1,215,921   $1,215,921 
Restricted cash  $1,041,624   $1,041,624   $1,001,814   $1,001,814 
Marketable securities  $   $   $2,300,441   $2,300,441 
Security deposit payable  $1,077,964   $1,077,964   $1,005,925   $1,005,925 
Mortgages payable  $3,890,765   $3,212,060   $5,198,836   $4,558,652 

Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of restricted cash, cash and cash equivalents, and receivables. Restricted cash, cash and cash equivalents are placed with multiple financial institutions and instruments to minimize risk. No assurance can be made that such financial institutions and instruments will minimize all such risk.

As of July 31, 2024, three tenants accounted for approximately 51.45% and in 2023, four tenants accounted for approximately 60.61% of receivables. During the years ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, two tenants accounted for 27.54% and 29.43% of total rental revenue.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2024Oct 24, 2024Showing above
2023Oct 19, 2023

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.