NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

Income before provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

(in thousands)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

U.S.

 

$

212,677

 

 

$

310,352

 

 

$

234,188

 

Foreign

 

 

404

 

 

 

3,296

 

 

 

228

 

 

 

$

213,081

 

 

$

313,648

 

 

$

234,416

 

 

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

(in thousands)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Federal

 

$

14,545

 

 

$

31,127

 

 

$

57,176

 

State

 

 

7,106

 

 

 

10,518

 

 

 

(5,587

)

Foreign

 

 

1,671

 

 

 

1,704

 

 

 

1,847

 

 

 

 

23,322

 

 

 

43,349

 

 

 

53,436

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Federal

 

 

27,951

 

 

 

31,852

 

 

 

4,892

 

State

 

 

5,500

 

 

 

6,693

 

 

 

1,481

 

Foreign

 

 

 

 

 

28

 

 

 

(14

)

 

 

 

33,451

 

 

 

38,573

 

 

 

6,359

 

Total

 

$

56,773

 

 

$

81,922

 

 

$

59,795

 

 

A reconciliation of the provision (benefit) for income taxes and the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the income before provision for income taxes was as follows:

(in thousands)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

U.S. federal statutory rate

 

$

44,747

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

65,866

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

49,227

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect 1

 

 

10,985

 

 

5.2

%

 

 

16,684

 

 

5.3

%

 

 

11,400

 

 

4.9

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign tax effects

 

 

(483

)

 

-0.2

%

 

 

(1,233

)

 

-0.4

%

 

 

(345

)

 

-0.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

 

1,523

 

 

0.7

%

 

 

604

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

(488

)

 

-0.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

56,772

 

 

26.6

%

 

$

81,921

 

 

26.1

%

 

$

59,794

 

 

25.5

%

1.
For states that, in the aggregate, accounted for over fifty percent of the effect of the state and local income taxes reported above were: (i) for 2025, California, (ii) for 2024, California and Florida, (iii) for 2023, California and Texas.

 

 

Income taxes paid, net of refunds, exceeded five percent of total income taxes paid, net of refunds, in the following jurisdictions:

 

(in thousands)

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

5,200

 

 

$

24,500

 

 

$

68,000

 

California

 

 

1,900

 

 

 

3,500

 

 

 

11,020

 

Florida

 

 

815

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following table shows the deferred income taxes related to the temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and the respective amounts included in “Deferred income taxes, net” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(in thousands)

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accelerated depreciation

 

$

307,848

 

 

$

285,835

 

Prepaid costs currently deductible

 

 

16,902

 

 

 

13,572

 

Other

 

 

11,179

 

 

 

10,144

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

335,929

 

 

 

309,551

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accrued costs not yet deductible

 

 

16,082

 

 

 

15,909

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

 

735

 

 

 

733

 

Net operating loss carry-forward

 

 

133

 

 

 

7,415

 

Deferred revenues

 

 

1,942

 

 

 

2,175

 

Share-based compensation

 

 

3,458

 

 

 

3,190

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

22,350

 

 

 

29,422

 

Deferred income taxes, net

 

$

313,579

 

 

$

280,129

 

The Company's tax loss carryforwards for the year ended December 31, 2025, were $2.4 million for state jurisdictions which are expected to result in a future state tax benefit of $0.1 million. The availability of these tax losses to offset future income varies by jurisdiction. Furthermore, the ability to utilize the tax losses may be subject to additional limitations. The Company’s state net operating loss carryforwards have differing carryforward periods. The Company anticipates that the available net operating losses as of December 31, 2025, will be utilized prior to their respective expiration dates.

For income tax purposes, deductible compensation related to share-based awards is based on the value of the award when realized, which may be different than the compensation expense recognized by the company for financial statement purposes which is based on the award value on the date of grant. The difference between the value of the award upon grant, and the value of the award when ultimately realized, creates either additional tax expense or benefit. In 2025, 2024 and 2023 exercise of share-based awards by employees resulted in an excess tax benefit of $0.8 million, $0.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company evaluated all of its tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open and determined there were no material unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. In addition, there have been no material changes in unrecognized benefits during 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require the application of significant judgment.

Our income tax returns are subject to examination by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. There may be differing interpretations of tax laws and regulations, and as a result, disputes may arise with these tax authorities involving the timing and amount of deductions and allocation of income. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2021.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision (benefit) for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for all periods presented. Such interest and penalties were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.


 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 25, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 19, 2025
2023Feb 21, 2024
2022Feb 22, 2023
2021Feb 23, 2022
2020Feb 23, 2021
2019Feb 25, 2020
2018Feb 26, 2019
2017Feb 27, 2018
2016Feb 28, 2017
2015Feb 25, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.