Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. Fair Value Disclosure
17. Fair value of financial instruments
Pursuant to the accounting guidance for fair value measurement and its subsequent updates, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e. the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the use of observable market data when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on active market data. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.
The fair value hierarchy is broken down into the three input levels summarized below:
Level 1 | — | Valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible by the Company at the reporting date. |
Level 2 | — | Valuations based on inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in active markets. |
Level 3 | — | Valuations based on unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. |
For the years ending December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of such instruments. Refer to Note 11, “Debt,” for details surrounding the fair value disclosures of the Convertible Notes.
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Mar 20, 2026 | Showing above |
| 2024 | Mar 13, 2025 | |
| 2023 | Mar 21, 2024 | |
| 2022 | Mar 29, 2023 | |
| 2021 | Mar 24, 2022 | |
| 2020 | Mar 29, 2021 | |
| 2019 | Mar 6, 2020 | |
About Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.
Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.