Income Taxes
Income before income taxes by geographic area for the years ended December 31 was:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Domestic | | $ | 181,098 | | | $ | 64,068 | | | $ | 102,014 | |
| Foreign | | (19,814) | | | (17,575) | | | 22,990 | |
| | $ | 161,284 | | | $ | 46,493 | | | $ | 125,004 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Current | | | | | | |
| Federal | | $ | 35,237 | | | $ | 11,437 | | | $ | 21,337 | |
| Foreign | | 4,567 | | | 1,788 | | | 1,821 | |
| State | | 13,088 | | | 3,405 | | | 7,348 | |
| | 52,892 | | | 16,630 | | | 30,506 | |
| Deferred | | | | | | |
| Federal | | 2,546 | | | 4,917 | | | (159) | |
| Foreign | | (9,496) | | | (8,318) | | | 3,984 | |
| State | | (3,074) | | | 3,001 | | | (317) | |
| | (10,024) | | | (400) | | | 3,508 | |
| Income tax expense | | $ | 42,868 | | | $ | 16,230 | | | $ | 34,014 | |
Income tax paid consisted of the following for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | | 2025 | | | | |
| Federal | | $ | 21,600 | | | | | |
| Foreign | | 4,327 | | | | | |
| State - California | | 2,125 | | | | | |
| State - All other states below 5% threshold | | 4,081 | | | | | |
| | $ | 32,133 | | | | | |
The differences between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective income tax rate were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2025 | | | | |
| (dollars in thousands) | | Amount | | Percent | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. federal statutory tax rate | | 33,870 | | | 21.0 | | | | | | | | | |
State and local income taxes (1) | | 9,603 | | | 6.0 | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. State net operating loss true up | | (2,099) | | | (1.3) | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. State valuation allowance | | 2,788 | | | 1.7 | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. State rate true up | | (2,713) | | | (1.7) | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign tax effects | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Canadian Federal Taxes | | 1,716 | | | 1.1 | | | | | | | | | |
| Canadian Provincial Taxes | | (2,206) | | | (1.4) | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tax credits | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other credits | | (725) | | | (0.4) | | | | | | | | | |
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 162(m) limitation | | 1,853 | | | 1.1 | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | 666 | | | 0.4 | | | | | | | | | |
| Changes in unrecognized tax benefits | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | | 8 | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
| Other Jurisdictions | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Canada | | 53 | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
| Other Adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | | 54 | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total / effective rate | | $ | 42,868 | | | 26.6 | % | | | | | | | | |
(1) State taxes in California, Colorado and Texas made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category.
As previously disclosed prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, the differences between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for operations were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| U.S federal statutory rate | | | | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % |
| | | | | | |
| State income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax expense | | | | 10.3 | | | 4.4 | |
| Change in valuation allowance | | | | 0.1 | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
| Tax differential on foreign earnings | | | | (2.0) | | | 0.7 | |
| | | | | | |
| Non-deductible meals and entertainment | | | | 1.6 | | | 0.5 | |
| Stock compensation excess tax benefits | | | | (4.6) | | | (2.6) | |
| Uncertain tax positions | | | | (0.5) | | | — | |
| Provision to return adjustments, net | | | | 0.6 | | | 0.7 | |
| | | | | | |
| Section 162(m) limitation | | | | 10.6 | | | 2.5 | |
| Tax credits | | | | (0.6) | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
| Other income, net | | | | (1.6) | | | — | |
| Effective rate | | | | 34.9 | % | | 27.2 | % |
The net deferred tax assets and (liabilities) arising from temporary differences was as follows at December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Deferred income tax assets: | | | | |
| Self insurance reserves | | $ | 3,729 | | | $ | 1,498 | |
| Contract loss reserves | | 2,608 | | | 2,076 | |
| Stock-based awards | | 5,022 | | | 3,521 | |
| Bonus | | 9,726 | | | 10,128 | |
| Accrued vacation | | 2,878 | | | 2,653 | |
| Accrued profit sharing | | 3,092 | | | 161 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | | 10,093 | | | 11,126 | |
| Non-U.S. operating loss | | 18,987 | | | 13,166 | |
| U.S. operating loss | | 3,529 | | | — | |
| Other non-U.S. deferred tax asset | | 947 | | | — | |
| Other U.S. deferred tax asset | | 2,947 | | | 3,064 | |
| Total deferred income tax assets before valuation allowances | | 63,558 | | | 47,393 | |
| Less: Non-U.S. valuation allowances | | (2,242) | | | (2,247) | |
| Less: U.S. valuation allowances | | (3,529) | | | — | |
| Total deferred income tax assets | | 57,787 | | | 45,146 | |
| Deferred income tax liabilities: | | | | |
| Property and equipment — tax over book depreciation | | (53,727) | | | (48,194) | |
| Non-U.S. intangible assets — tax over book amortization | | (9,602) | | | (9,601) | |
| Intangible assets — tax over book amortization | | (5,730) | | | (5,200) | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | | (10,093) | | | (11,129) | |
| Contract revenue adjustment | | (15,545) | | | (17,303) | |
| Other non-U.S. deferred tax liabilities | | (158) | | | — | |
| Other U.S. deferred tax liabilities | | (328) | | | (483) | |
| | | | |
| Total deferred income tax liabilities | | (95,183) | | | (91,910) | |
| Net deferred income taxes | | $ | (37,396) | | | $ | (46,764) | |
The Company determined that it is more-likely-than-not that it will not realize certain deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards on certain subsidiaries and therefore recorded a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets for those entities. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards in multiple jurisdictions that will begin to expire in 2031.
For the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, one of the Company’s subsidiaries incurred a cumulative pre-tax loss. In accordance with ASC 740, this prompted the Company to evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets associated with this subsidiary. The cumulative pre-tax losses were primarily attributable to certain projects that have reached or are near completion and therefore are not expected to have significant negative impacts to future operating results. In assessing realizability of our net operating loss carryforwards the Company considered extensive positive and negative evidence including historical operating results, expected future operating results, backlog, current and expected deferred income taxes, and the expected utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards. Based on the Company’s evaluation, a valuation allowance associated with this subsidiary is not necessary as it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will realize its deferred tax assets, including its net operating loss carryforwards.
Earnings from the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested in Canada, therefore as of December 31, 2025, the Company had no undistributed earnings or withholding deferral associated with its Canadian subsidiaries.
The Company is subject to taxation in various jurisdictions. The Company’s 2021 through 2024 tax returns are subject to examination by U. S. federal authorities. The Company’s tax returns are subject to examination by various state authorities for the years 2020 through 2024.
The Company has recorded a liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken on its various income tax returns. Interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions are included as a component of income tax expense in the Financial Statements.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits at December 31:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | 2025 | | | 2024 |
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 265 | | | | $ | 417 | |
| Gross increases (decreases) in current period tax positions | 69 | | | | (122) | |
| | | | |
| Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations | (13) | | | | (30) | |
| Balance at end of period | 321 | | | | 265 | |
| Accrued interest and penalties at end of period | 59 | | | | 24 | |
| Total liability for unrecognized tax benefits | $ | 380 | | | | $ | 289 | |
| | | | |
The liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest and penalties, was included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of interest and penalties charged or credited to income tax expense as a result of the unrecognized tax benefits was not significant in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
On July 4, 2025, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (the “Act”) was signed into law. The Act includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The Act has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Act did not have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025. While further evaluation is ongoing, the Act is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.