Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill
The net carrying amount of intangibles and goodwill was $941 million at December 31, 2025 and $750 million at December 31, 2024. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of each type of intangible asset and goodwill are presented in the table below.
 December 31,
 20252024
(in thousands)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortizing intangible assets
Customer bases$403,310 $37,626 $280,440 $19,856 
Formulas and technology90,820 14,745 60,000 7,220 
Trademarks and trade names31,020 3,976 30,000 1,925 
Backlog
19,870 1,036 
Water rights29,392 29,392 
Goodwill424,127 379,593 
$998,539 $57,383 $779,425 $29,001 
Amortization expense$28,382 $24,462 
Amortization expense was $2 million in 2023. Of the total intangibles (net of amortization) and goodwill at December 31, 2025, $124 million is attributable to the petroleum additives segment and $817 million is attributable to the specialty materials segment. The change in the gross carrying amount between 2024 and 2025 is due to the identifiable intangible assets and goodwill from the acquisition of Calca, as well as the foreign currency fluctuation on goodwill in the petroleum additives segment. See Note 2 for further information on the intangibles and goodwill obtained with the Calca acquisition. There is no accumulated goodwill impairment.
Estimated annual amortization expense related to our intangible assets for the next five years is shown in the table below (in thousands).
2026$37,426 
202737,426 
202837,377 
202937,236 
203036,149 
We amortize the formulas and technology over a period of 8 to 20 years, the customer bases over 9 to 20 years, the trademarks and trade names over 5 to 15 years, and the backlog over 5 years.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 12, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 14, 2025
2023Feb 15, 2024
2022Feb 15, 2023
2021Feb 15, 2022
2020Feb 16, 2021
2019Feb 18, 2020
2018Feb 19, 2019
2017Feb 15, 2018
2016Feb 15, 2017
2015Feb 12, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.