Intellia Therapeutics, Inc. Stock Compensation Disclosure
12. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is classified in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows:
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Year Ended December 31, |
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2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
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|||
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|||||||||
Research and development |
|
$ |
49,440 |
|
|
$ |
94,230 |
|
|
$ |
82,211 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
30,779 |
|
|
|
60,043 |
|
|
|
51,839 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
80,219 |
|
|
$ |
154,273 |
|
|
$ |
134,050 |
|
Stock Option and Incentive Plans
In April 2016, the Company adopted the Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other stock-based awards. Recipients of incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are eligible to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to the fair value of such stock on the grant date.
In June 2025, the Company adopted the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”). The 2025 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, unrestricted stock awards, cash-based awards and dividend equivalent rights. Recipients of incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are eligible to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to the fair value of such stock on the grant date. The Company no longer grants any awards under the 2015 Plan. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2025 Plan was 12,831,965, which included 7,666,787 shares that remained available for grant under the 2015 Plan upon adoption of the 2025 Plan and an additional 5,165,178 shares authorized for issuance under the 2025 Plan. The shares of common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, or otherwise terminated, other than by exercise, under the 2025 Plan and the 2015 Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2025 Plan. As of December 31, 2025, there were 12,733,313 shares available for future issuance under the 2025 Plan.
In June 2024, the Company adopted the 2024 Inducement Plan (the “Inducement Plan”). The Inducement Plan provides for the grant of non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, unrestricted stock awards and dividend equivalent rights to individuals who are not employed by the Company. Recipients of non-qualified stock options are eligible to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to the fair value of such stock on the grant date. In accordance with the Inducement Plan, 850,000 shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance. At December 31, 2025, 117,038 of those shares were available for issuance under the Inducement Plan. Additionally, in December 2025, the Company adopted Amendment No. 1 to the Inducement Plan, which increased the number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance under the Inducement Plan by 1,500,000. The Company intends for these shares to be registered and available for issuance in the first quarter of 2026.
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:
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Number of |
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|
Weighted |
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||
Unvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2024 |
|
|
5,547,530 |
|
|
$ |
39.13 |
|
Granted |
|
|
2,869,607 |
|
|
|
10.54 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(2,076,966 |
) |
|
|
40.70 |
|
Cancelled |
|
|
(1,144,050 |
) |
|
|
38.71 |
|
Unvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2025 |
|
|
5,196,121 |
|
|
$ |
22.80 |
|
The weighted-average grant date fair value of all RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $10.54, $32.43 and $41.30, respectively. The total fair value of RSUs vested (measured on the date of vesting) for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $22.9 million, $40.0 million and $24.9 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, there was $42.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to all RSUs that are expected to vest. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.42 years.
Restricted Stock Units - Service Awards
The Company awards RSUs with a service condition to new employees upon hire, non-employee directors upon appointment, and to existing employees and non-employee directors as part of their annual grant. RSUs with a service condition granted to new and existing employees, and to non-employee directors upon appointment, generally vest as to one-third on the first anniversary of the original vesting date, with the balance vesting annually over the remaining two years. RSUs granted to non-employee directors with a service condition as part of their annual grant generally vest on the first anniversary of the original vesting date.
In the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company granted 2,626,007 RSUs with a service condition to new and existing employees and non-employee directors, which have the potential to vest over a period of approximately three years. The weighted average grant date fair value of these RSUs was $10.09.
Unvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2025 in the table above includes 4,227,321 RSUs that are service-based.
Restricted Stock Units - Market Awards
Since 2022, market-based RSUs have been granted to senior executives. These RSUs have the potential to vest after a period of three years, with a vesting start date of January 1 in the year of grant, and the number of shares to be delivered will depend on the Company’s TSR, a market condition, over that period relative to a defined group of biotechnology companies. The number of market-based RSUs granted in the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was 223,600, 286,084 and 181,743, respectively. The grant date fair value for the market-based RSUs, calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model, was $15.76, $51.12 and $68.55, respectively. The following assumptions were used to determine the grant date fair value for the three years, respectively: risk free interest rate: 3.99%, 4.28% and 4.60%; expected volatility: 67.6%, 77.2% and 84.34%. The expected term for all grants was approximately 3.0 years; the expected dividend yield was 0.0%.
Unvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2025 in the table above includes 596,138 RSUs that are market-based.
Restricted Stock Units - Performance-Based Awards with TSR Multiplier
In 2024, performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”) with a relative TSR modifier were granted to senior executives. The number of PSUs with a relative TSR modifier granted in the year ended December 31, 2024 was 486,617. These PSUs, to the extent earned, shall vest on January 1, 2027, and the number of shares to be delivered will be determined based upon the achievement of certain performance goals, which can range from 0% to 200%. Following the determination of the achievement of performance criteria, the amount of shares awarded will be subject to adjustment based on the application of a TSR modifier, which can range from 75% to 125%. The grant date fair value for these PSUs, calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model, was $36.16. The following assumptions were used to determine the grant date fair value: risk free interest rate: 4.28%; expected volatility: 77.2%; expected term: approximately 3.0 years; expected dividend yield: 0.0%. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the required service period based on its estimate of the number of shares that will vest based upon the probability of achieving the performance goals.
There were no PSUs with a relative TSR modifier granted in the year ended December 31, 2025. Unvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2025 in the table above includes 352,662 PSUs with a TSR multiplier.
Stock Options
The weighted average grant date fair value of options, estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $6.80, $21.21 and $28.92 per option for those options granted during the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Weighted average assumptions used to apply this pricing model were as follows:
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Year Ended December 31, |
||||
|
|
2025 |
|
2024 |
|
2023 |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
4.1% |
|
4.2% |
|
4.4% |
Expected term of options |
|
6.0 years |
|
6.0 years |
|
6.0 years |
Expected volatility of underlying stock |
|
76.0% |
|
76.3% |
|
78.7% |
Expected dividend yield |
|
0.0% |
|
0.0% |
|
0.0% |
Risk-free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant with maturities approximately equal to the option’s expected term.
Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that stock option awards are expected to be outstanding. For option grants that are considered to be “plain vanilla,” the Company determines the expected term using the simplified method. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options. The Company
uses the simplified method because it does not have sufficient historical option exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term.
Expected Volatility. Expected volatility is estimated based on actual movements in the Company’s stock price over the most recent historical periods, over the expected term of their stock option grants.
Expected Dividend Yield. The Company has not paid cash dividends and has no intention to pay cash dividends in the future.
Stock options generally vest as to one-third on the first anniversary of the original vesting date, with the balance vesting monthly over the remaining two years, unless they contain other specific vesting provisions. The maximum term of stock options granted under the 2015 Plan, the 2025 Plan and the Inducement Plan is ten years.
The following is a summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025:
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Number of |
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Aggregate |
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|
|
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(In years) |
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(In thousands) |
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Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |
|
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5,412,786 |
|
|
$ |
47.27 |
|
|
|
6.18 |
|
|
$ |
350 |
|
Granted |
|
|
783,901 |
|
|
|
9.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Exercised |
|
|
(87,858 |
) |
|
|
8.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Forfeited |
|
|
(935,063 |
) |
|
|
59.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Outstanding at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
5,173,766 |
|
|
$ |
39.98 |
|
|
|
5.97 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
4,092,442 |
|
|
$ |
46.42 |
|
|
|
5.18 |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
|
|
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The total intrinsic value (the amount by which the fair market value exceeded the exercise price) of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3.1 million, and $7.6 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2025 was not material.
As of December 31, 2025, there was $5.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options that have not yet vested, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.3 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In May 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock on the last day of each predetermined six-month offering period at 85% of the lower of the fair market value per share at the beginning or end of the applicable offering period. The 2016 Plan provides for six-month offering periods beginning in January and July of each year.
As of December 31, 2025, there were 1,024,879 shares available for future issuance under the 2016 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan was cumulatively increased on January 1, 2026 by 500,000 shares of common stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued 332,018, 220,590 and 142,079 shares of common stock under the 2016 Plan, respectively. The weighted-average purchase prices of shares issued under the 2016 Plan were $7.80, $13.54 and $27.65 per share for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The fair value of shares under the 2016 Plan was estimated at the beginning of the offering period using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
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Year Ended December 31, |
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|
|
2025 |
|
2024 |
|
2023 |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
4.24%-4.29% |
|
5.24%-5.37% |
|
4.7%-5.53% |
Expected term (in years) |
|
0.5 years |
|
0.5 years |
|
0.5 years |
Expected volatility of underlying stock |
|
66.2%-92.16% |
|
56.7%-59.0% |
|
60.4%-69.2% |
Expected dividend yield |
|
0.0% |
|
0.0% |
|
0.0% |
About Stock Compensation Disclosures
Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.
Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.