NOTE 15 – INCOME TAX

 

Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

  

Net deferred tax assets consist of the following components as of December 31:

 

   2025   2024 
Deferred Tax Assets:        
NOL Carryover  $11,836,900   $9,602,900 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts   56,100    56,100 
Depreciation and amortization   3,349,400    4,135,700)
Less valuation allowance   (15,242,400)   (13,794,700)
Net deferred tax assets  $
   $
 

 

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax income from continuing operations for the period ended December 31, due to the following:

 

   For The Years Ended December 31, 
   2025   2024 
Expected federal tax (expense) benefit  $1,234,000    21.0%  $2,357,000    21.0%
Expected state tax (expense) benefit   352,000    6.0%   674,000    6.0%
Stock based compensation   (36,600)   (0.9)%   (109,800)   (1.0)%
NOLs expired   (103,600)   (1.8)%   
-
    
-
%
Nondeductible expenses and other   900    
-
%   (900)   
-
%
Increase in valuation allowance   (1,446,700)   (24.3)%   (2,920,300)   (26.0)%
Total provision for income taxes  $
-
    
-
   $
-
    
-
 

 

At December 31, 2025, the Company had operating loss carry forwards of approximately $43,800,000, of which $2,250,000 expire from 20252040, and no expiration on the remaining amount. In accordance with Section 382 of the Internal Revenue code, the usage of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards may be limited in the event of a change in ownership. A full Section 382 analysis has not been prepared and NOLs could be subject to limitation under Section 382.

 

There is a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 which may be reversed in future periods at a point when the Company can make the determination that the recoverability will be probable. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets increased by approximately $1,429,200 and $2,920,300 during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

The United States Federal and applicable state returns from 2018 forward are still subject to tax examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service; however, the Company does not currently have any ongoing tax examinations.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Apr 1, 2026Showing above
2024Apr 15, 2025
2023Apr 15, 2024
2022Mar 30, 2023
2021Mar 28, 2022
2020Mar 30, 2021
2019Apr 29, 2020
2018Apr 18, 2019
2017Apr 13, 2018
2016Apr 12, 2017
2015Apr 1, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.