NOTE 10. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Changes in the carrying value of goodwill were as follows:
Chlor Alkali Products and VinylsEpoxyWinchesterTotal
Goodwill($ in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2024(1)
$1,276.1 $145.2 $2.7 $1,424.0 
Acquisition activity— — (0.3)(0.3)
Foreign currency translation adjustment0.3 (0.4)— (0.1)
Balance at December 31, 2024(1)
1,276.4 144.8 2.4 1,423.6 
Acquisition activity— — 4.1 4.1 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(0.1)— — (0.1)
Balance at December 31, 2025(1)
$1,276.3 $144.8 $6.5 $1,427.6 
(1)    Includes cumulative goodwill impairment of $557.6 million and $142.2 million in Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls and Epoxy, respectively.
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
December 31,
20252024
Useful LivesGross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNetGross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet
Intangible Assets($ in millions)
Customers, customer contracts and relationships15 Years$524.4 $(358.4)$166.0 $666.7 $(469.2)$197.5 
Trade names7 Years3.5 (1.2)2.3 3.5 (0.6)2.9 
Acquired technology 4-5 Years11.3 (9.4)1.9 93.7 (91.7)2.0 
Other10 Years4.9 (0.7)4.2 4.9 (0.7)4.2 
Total intangible assets$544.1 $(369.7)$174.4 $768.8 $(562.2)$206.6 
Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $37.3 million, $37.6 million and $37.0 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 
Estimated amortization expense relating to intangible assets for the subsequent five-years is as follows:
Estimated Amortization Expense - Intangible Assets($ in millions)
2026$35.8 
202735.7 
202835.5 
202935.5 
203026.7 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 20, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 20, 2025
2023Feb 22, 2024
2022Feb 23, 2023
2021Feb 24, 2022
2020Feb 22, 2021
2019Feb 25, 2020
2018Feb 25, 2019
2017Feb 26, 2018
2016Feb 28, 2017
2015Mar 1, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.