9.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $1,372.3 million and $922.4 million of goodwill recorded in our Packaging segment, respectively, which represents the entire goodwill balance reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We did not recognize any adjustments to goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill are as follows (dollars in millions):

 

 

 

Goodwill

 

Balance at January 1, 2024

 

$

922.4

 

Balance at December 31, 2024

 

 

922.4

 

Acquisitions (a)

 

 

449.9

 

Balance at December 31, 2025

 

$

1,372.3

 

 

(a)
In connection with the September 2025 Greif Acquisition, the Company recorded $449.9 million of goodwill in the Packaging segment. See Note 5, Acquisitions, for more information on the September 2025 Greif Acquisition.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are primarily comprised of customer relationships and trademarks and trade names. The weighted average useful life, gross carrying amount, and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets were as follows (dollars in millions):

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2025

 

 

As of December 31, 2024

 

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Useful Life
(in Years)

 

 

Gross
Carrying
Amount

 

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Useful Life
(in Years)

 

 

Gross
Carrying
Amount

 

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Customer relationships (b)

 

 

12.4

 

 

$

966.0

 

 

$

407.2

 

 

 

6.6

 

 

$

546.0

 

 

$

362.4

 

Trademarks and trade names (b)

 

 

4.8

 

 

 

81.3

 

 

 

37.8

 

 

 

6.0

 

 

 

41.3

 

 

 

33.0

 

Other

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

4.4

 

 

 

4.4

 

 

 

1.9

 

 

 

4.4

 

 

 

4.4

 

Total intangible assets (excluding goodwill)

 

 

11.8

 

 

$

1,051.7

 

 

$

449.4

 

 

 

6.6

 

 

$

591.7

 

 

$

399.8

 

 

(b)
In connection with the September 2025 Greif Acquisition, the Company recorded intangible assets of $420.0 million for customer relationships and $40.0 million for trademarks. See Note 5, Acquisitions, for additional information.

Amortization expense was $49.6 million, $37.7 million, and $38.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets over the next five years is expected to approximate $73.5 million (2026), $70.7 million (2027), $63.1 million (2028), $49.0 million (2029) and $46.3 million (2030).

Impairment Testing

We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may exceed fair value. Additionally, when we experience changes to our business or operating environment, we evaluate the remaining useful lives and recoverability of our finite-lived purchased intangible assets to determine whether any adjustments to the useful lives or impairment are necessary. We completed our annual qualitative assessment in the fourth quarter, and there was no indication of goodwill or intangible asset impairment.

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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Feb 23, 2023
2021Feb 24, 2022
2020Feb 24, 2021
2019Feb 26, 2020
2018Feb 28, 2019
2017Feb 28, 2017
2015Feb 26, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.