5. Earnings Per Share
(PPL)
Basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to PPL common shareowners by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing income available to PPL common shareowners by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, increased by the number of incremental shares that would be outstanding if potentially dilutive share-based payment awards were converted to common shares as calculated using the Two-Class Method or Treasury Stock Method. The If-Converted Method is applied to the Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2028 and 2030 (Exchangeable Notes) issued in February 2023 and November 2025.
Incremental non-participating securities that have a dilutive impact are detailed in the table below. In 2025, these securities include forward sales of PPL common stock issued through an ATM Program and the number of shares needed to settle the conversion premium on the Exchangeable Notes. The forward sale agreements are dilutive under the Treasury Stock Method to the extent the average stock price of PPL's common shares exceeds the forward sale price prescribed in the agreements. See Note 8 for additional information on the ATM Program and the Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2030 and Note 8 in PPL's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for additional information on the Exchangeable Notes due 2028.
Reconciliations of the amounts of income and shares of PPL common stock (in thousands) for the periods ended December 31, used in the EPS calculation are:
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| | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Income (Numerator) | | | | | |
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| Net income | $ | 1,181 | | | $ | 888 | | | $ | 740 | |
| Less amounts allocated to participating securities | 2 | | | 2 | | | 1 | |
| Net income available to PPL common shareowners - Basic and Diluted | $ | 1,179 | | | $ | 886 | | | $ | 739 | |
| | | | | |
| Shares of Common Stock (Denominator) | | | | | |
| Weighted-average shares - Basic EPS | 739,406 | | | 737,756 | | | 737,036 | |
| Add incremental non-participating securities: | | | | | |
| Dilutive share-based payment awards (a) | 2,724 | | | 2,097 | | | 1,130 | |
| Forward sale agreements | 170 | | | — | | | — | |
| Exchangeable Notes | 1,048 | | | — | | | — | |
| Weighted-average shares - Diluted EPS | 743,348 | | | 739,853 | | | 738,166 | |
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| Basic EPS | | | | | |
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| Net Income available to PPL common shareowners | $ | 1.60 | | | $ | 1.20 | | | $ | 1.00 | |
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| Diluted EPS | | | | | |
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| Net Income available to PPL common shareowners | $ | 1.59 | | | $ | 1.20 | | | $ | 1.00 | |
(a)The Treasury Stock Method was applied to non-participating share-based payment awards.
For the years ended December 31, PPL issued common stock related to the DRIP as follows (in thousands):
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| | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| | | | | |
| DRIP | 762 | | | 202 | | | — | |
For the years ended December 31, the following shares (in thousands) were excluded from the computations of diluted EPS because the effect would have been antidilutive:
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| | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Stock-based compensation awards | 106 | | | — | | | 243 | |
| Forward sale agreements | 10,040 | | | — | | | — | |
About Earnings Per Share Disclosures
The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.
Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.