11

Share-based payments

Share options

Effective May 20, 2020, the Company adopted amendments to the share option plan (the Share Option Plan). The maximum number of common shares reserved for issuance under the share option plan and the long-term incentive plan is 4,718,173 common shares or such other number as may be approved by the holders of the voting shares of the Company.

As at December 31, 2025, 2,142,522 (2024 – 2,291,152) options are outstanding. Each share option granted allows the holder to purchase one common share, at an exercise price not less than the lesser of the closing trading price of the common shares on the TSX (or other exchange where the common shares are listed), on the date a share option is granted and the volume-weighted average price of the common shares for the five trading days immediately preceding the date the share option is granted. Share options granted under the Share Option Plan generally have a maximum term of ten years and vest over a period of up to four years.

A summary of the share option activity during the year presented and the total number of share options outstanding as at those dates are set forth below:

Weighted 

Weighted 

average 

average 

exercise 

remaining 

Aggregate 

Number

price 

contractual 

intrinsic 

  ​ ​ ​

of options

  ​ ​ ​

C$

  ​ ​ ​

term

  ​ ​ ​

value

Balance - January 1, 2024

 

1,474,809

 

16.19

 

  ​

 

  ​

Granted

 

946,900

 

11.14

 

  ​

 

  ​

Exercised

 

(7,101)

 

8.99

 

  ​

 

  ​

Forfeited/expired

 

(123,456)

 

16.17

 

  ​

 

  ​

Balance - December 31, 2024

 

2,291,152

 

14.13

 

5.36

 

429

Exercisable - December 31, 2024

 

1,326,573

 

15.98

 

4.92

 

348

Expected to vest - December 31, 2024

 

2,291,152

 

14.13

 

5.36

 

429

Balance - January 1, 2025

 

2,291,152

 

14.13

 

  ​

 

  ​

Granted

 

92,900

 

6.70

 

  ​

 

  ​

Exercised

 

(1,250)

 

8.92

 

  ​

 

  ​

Forfeited/expired

 

(240,280)

 

16.60

 

  ​

 

  ​

Balance - December 31, 2025

 

2,142,522

 

13.53

 

6.06

 

793

Exercisable - December 31, 2025

 

1,409,262

 

15.01

 

4.76

 

474

Expected to vest - December 31, 2025

 

2,142,522

 

13.53

 

6.06

 

793

The Company estimated the fair value of the share options granted during the year using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the weighted average assumptions below. The Company estimated the expected future stock price volatility for its common stock by using its historical volatility based on daily price observations for the most recent historical period equal to the length of the instrument’s expected life of options.

March 19,

May 20,

June 13,

August 25,

Grant date

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2025

 

Exercise price

 

C$9.87

 

C$6.28

 

C$8.78

 

C$6.46

Expected volatility

 

68

%  

68

%  

69

%  

69

%

Expected life of options

 

6 years

 

6 years

 

6 years

 

6 years

Risk-free interest rate

 

2.84

%  

2.98

%  

3.06

%  

3.26

%

Dividend yield

 

 

 

 

November 18,

March 18,

Grant date

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2024

 

Exercise price

 

C$11.14

 

C$11.24

Expected volatility

 

70

%  

70

%

Expected life of options

 

6 years

 

6 years

Risk-free interest rate

 

3.17

%  

3.54

%

Dividend yield

 

 

The weighted average grant date fair values of share options granted for the year ended December 31, 2025 were C$6.70 (2024 - C$11.14). The total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share options for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $2,588, which will be amortized over the weighted-average period of 1.8 years.

Long-term incentive plan

Effective May 17, 2023, the Company adopted the amended long term incentive plan (the LTIP). The LTIP is an incentive-based equity compensation plan that provides for the grant of restricted share units (the RSUs) and deferred share units (the DSUs, together with the RSUs, the Units). The maximum number of units which may be reserved for issuance under this LTIP in respect of grants of RSUs and DSUs shall not exceed 4.9% of the issued and outstanding common shares on a non-diluted basis, provided that, the maximum number of shares which may be reserved for issuance pursuant to all of the Company’s security-based compensation arrangements shall not in the aggregate exceed 13% of the issued and outstanding common shares on a non-diluted basis. The Company may grant Units to officers, directors or employees of the Company. Each Unit represents the right to receive one common share in accordance with the terms of the LTIP. The number of Units granted at any particular time will be calculated by dividing the dollar amount of such grant by the market value of a common share on the applicable grant date, which is equal to the volume weighted average trading price of all common shares traded on the TSX (or other exchange where the Common Shares are listed) for the five trading days immediately preceding such date. RSUs and DSUs granted under the LTIP vest over a period of up to three years.

The following table summarizes RSUs activities:

Weighted

average grant

date fair value 

Number of 

per share 

  ​ ​ ​

RSUs

  ​ ​ ​

C$

Balance - January 1, 2024

 

493,396

 

12.23

Granted

 

107,500

 

11.02

Vested

 

(228,774)

 

13.33

Forfeited

 

(47,501)

 

11.25

Balance - December 31, 2024

 

324,621

 

11.16

Granted

 

911,000

8.93

Vested

 

(171,618)

10.88

Forfeited

 

(204,668)

9.57

Balance - December 31, 2025

 

859,335

9.23

The total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $4,666, which will be amortized over the weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

A summary of the DSUs changes during the year are set forth below:

Weighted

average grant

date fair value 

Number of 

per share 

  ​ ​ ​

DSUs

  ​ ​ ​

C$

Balance - January 1, 2024

 

75,000

 

10.40

Granted

 

25,000

 

11.07

Vested

 

(8,330)

 

12.38

Balance - December 31, 2024

 

91,670

 

10.40

Granted

 

60,485

8.49

Vested

 

(16,665)

11.73

Balance - December 31, 2025

 

135,490

9.39

The total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested DSUs for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $471, which will be amortized over the weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

Share-based compensation expense

The following table presents the components and classification of share-based compensation recognized for share options, RSUs, and DSUs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

2025

2024

  ​ ​ ​

$

  ​ ​ ​

$

Share options

 

2,024

 

635

RSUs

 

2,430

 

1,517

DSUs

 

1,036

 

429

Share-based compensation

 

5,490

 

2,581

Cost of sales

 

26

 

24

Research and development

 

1,319

 

636

Selling, general and administrative

 

4,145

 

1,921

Share-based compensation

 

5,490

 

2,581

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 5, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 7, 2025

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.