FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
The following tables summarize the basis used to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:
Basis of Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis of Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
In millions
Assets at fair value:
Cash equivalents 1
$143 $— 
Derivatives relating to: 2
Foreign currency contracts 3
16 — 
Total assets at fair value$159 $— 
Liabilities at fair value:
Derivatives relating to: 2
Foreign currency contracts 3
— 
Total liabilities at fair value$$— 
1.Time deposits included in "Cash and cash equivalents" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
2.See Note 20 for the classification of derivatives in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
3.Assets and liability derivatives subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement with the same counterparty are presented on a net basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The offsetting counterparty and cash collateral amounts were $2 million and zero, respectively, for both assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025.

For assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 measurements, where the security is frequently traded in less active markets, fair value is based on the closing price at the end of the period; where the security is less frequently traded, fair value is based on the price a dealer would pay for the security or similar securities, adjusted for any terms specific to that asset or liability, or by using observable market data points of similar, more liquid securities to imply the price. For time deposits classified as held-to-maturity investments and reported at amortized cost, fair value is based on an observable interest rate for similar securities. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance and quality checks.

For derivative assets and liabilities, standard industry models are used to calculate the fair value of the various financial instruments based on significant observable market inputs, such as foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, swap rates, interest rates and implied volatility obtained from various market sources. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance/quality checks.

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
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About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.