Note 7—Long-Term Debt and Loan Commitment
(A) Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt, net consists of the following (in thousands):
 
    
March 31,
2022
    
March 31,
2021
 
Principal amount
   $ 217,400      $ 170,100  
Exit fee / end of term charge
     5,000        1,390  
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs
     (12,375      (1,210
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total debt, net
     210,025        170,280  
Less: current portion
     —          —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total long-term debt, net
   $ 210,025      $ 170,280  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Dermavant
In May 2019, Dermavant entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Hercules Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”), pursuant to which Dermavant borrowed an aggregate of $20.0 million, which
bore interest at a variable per annum rate at the greater of (i) 9.95% or (ii) the prime rate plus 4.45%. Dermavant was also obligated to pay an end of term charge of $1.4 million. Following the achievement of certain milestones, the term loan maturity was extended to June 1, 2023 with interest-only monthly payments through December 2021. All amounts outstanding under the Hercules Loan Agreement were repaid in May 2021 using the proceeds from a $40.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) entered into by Dermavant and certain of its subsidiaries in May 2021 with XYQ Luxco S.A.R.L (“XYQ Luxco”), as lender, and U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent. The Credit Facility has a five-year maturity and bears an interest rate of 10.0% per annum. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of each calendar quarter through the maturity date. A lump sum principal payment is due on the maturity date. Dermavant is also obligated to pay an exit fee of $5.0 million. The exit fee can be reduced to $4.0 million upon achievement of certain equity milestones defined in the agreement, which are not deemed likely as of March 31, 2022. In connection with the funding of the Credit Facility, Dermavant issued a warrant to XYQ Luxco to purchase 1,199,072 common shares of Dermavant at an exercise price of $0.01 per common share.
In connection with Dermavant’s acquisition of tapinarof from GlaxoSmithKline Intellectual Property Development Ltd. and Glaxo Group Limited (collectively “GSK”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement (the “GSK Agreement”), Dermavant and NovaQuest
Co-Investment
Fund VIII, L.P. (“NovaQuest”) entered into a funding agreement (the “NovaQuest Agreement”). Pursuant to the NovaQuest Agreement, Dermavant borrowed $
100.0
 million in
August 2018
and $
17.5
 million in
October 2018
in exchange for an obligation to make certain variable future payments calculated as a function of the achievement of regulatory and commercial milestones or events of termination. The aggregate maximum amount of regulatory milestone payments that Dermavant could be required to make under the NovaQuest Agreement is $
440.6
 million, with $176.3 million due over a six-year period paid quarterly following the U.S. regulatory approval of VTAMA in May 2022. The maximum aggregate amount of commercial milestone payments is $
141.0
 million. In some circumstances, Dermavant may be able to offset certain of the regulatory milestone payments with up to $
88.1
 million of the commercial milestone payments. At issuance, the Company concluded that certain features of the long-term debt would be considered derivatives that would require bifurcation. In lieu of bifurcating various features in the agreement, the Company has elected the fair value option for this financial instrument and will record the changes in the fair value within the statements of operations at the end of each reporting period. Direct costs and fees related to the debt issued under the NovaQuest Agreement were recognized in earnings. As of March 
31
,
2022
and
2021
, the fair value of the debt was $
177.4
 million and $
150.1
 million, respectively. Refer to Note
14
, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional details regarding the fair value measurement.
(B) Debt Maturities
Annual maturities, including the exit fee, of debt outstanding as of March 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands). Long term debt issued by Dermavant for which the fair value option has been elected is excluded from the below as the repayment terms are variable.
 
Years Ending March 31,
      
2023
   $ —    
2024
     —    
2025
     —    
2026
     —    
2027
     45,000  
Thereafter
     —    
    
 
 
 
Total
   $ 45,000  
    
 
 
 
(C) Loan Commitment
In May 2021, Dermavant, as seller, entered into a $160.0 
million revenue interest purchase and sale agreement (the “RIPSA”) for its investigational product tapinarof with XYQ Luxco, NovaQuest
Co-Investment
Fund XVII, L.P., an affiliate of NovaQuest Capital Management, LLC, and MAM Tapir Lender, LLC, an affiliate of Marathon Asset Management, L.P. (collectively, the “Purchasers”), together with U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent. Under the terms of the RIPSA, the Purchasers procured a capped single-digit revenue interest in net sales of tapinarof for all dermatological indications in the United States, up to a cap of $344.0 million, in exchange for
$160.0 million in committed funding to be paid to Dermavant, conditional based on the approval of tapinarof by the FDA.
VTAMA (tapinarof) cream was approved by the FDA in May 2022. Refer to Note 17, “Subsequent Events” for more information.

About Debt Disclosures

Debt disclosures detail a company's borrowing structure — the types of instruments, interest rates, maturity schedule, and covenant restrictions that define its financial obligations and flexibility. This section is essential for assessing refinancing risk, interest rate exposure, and the margin of safety against financial distress.

Key signals: the maturity schedule reveals concentration risk — large maturities within 1-2 years during tight credit markets can force dilutive refinancing or asset sales. Compare the fair value of debt against carrying amount to gauge whether the market views the company's credit risk differently than the balance sheet suggests. Watch covenant compliance disclosures for tightening cushions, especially leverage and interest coverage ratios. Variable-rate debt exposure quantifies sensitivity to interest rate changes. Secured versus unsecured mix affects recovery rates and future borrowing capacity. Compare net debt-to-EBITDA against industry peers and covenant limits to assess financial health.