16. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company’s basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company uses the two-class method to calculate net income (loss) per share. Except with respect to certain voting, conversion, and transfer rights and as otherwise expressly provided in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation or required by applicable law, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably, and are identical in all respects as to all matters. Accordingly, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share are the same for both classes.
For purposes of the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share, options to purchase common stock and restricted stock units are considered common stock equivalents. Dilutive shares of common stock are determined by applying the treasury stock method. The dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share in the period of net loss, as their effect is antidilutive.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share data):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 |
| Numerator: | | | | | |
| Net income (loss) | $ | 88,361 | | | $ | (129,386) | | | $ | (709,561) | |
| Denominator: | | | | | |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic | 147,154 | | 144,630 | | 141,572 |
| Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents | 3,758 | | 0 | | 0 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted | 150,912 | | 144,630 | | 141,572 |
| | | | | |
| Net income (loss) per share — basic | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | (0.89) | | | $ | (5.01) | |
| Net income (loss) per share — diluted | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | (0.89) | | | $ | (5.01) | |
Common stock equivalents (comprised of stock options and restricted stock units) excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share because of their anti-dilutive effect were 2.5 million, 14.4 million and 14.0 million shares for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
About Earnings Per Share Disclosures
The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.
Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.