17.       Income Taxes

 

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented below:

 

          
   As of
   December 31, 2025  December 31, 2024
   $’000  $’000
Deferred tax assets:          
Net operating loss carryforwards   19,967    14,525 
Receivable allowance   5,947    10 
Stock-based compensation   59    58 
Intangible assets        
163(j) adjustment   2,299    1,091 
Loss on discontinued operations   263     
Accrued expenses   90    159 
Other carryforwards   158    158 
Leases   24    58 
Gross deferred tax asset   28,807    16,059 
Deferred tax liabilities:          
Property and equipment   (3)   (46)
Leases       (28)
Unrealized gains   96   (3,969)
Receivable allowance       
Gross deferred tax liabilities   93   (4,043)
Net deferred tax assets   28,900    12,016 
Valuation allowance   (28,900)   (12,016)
Net deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance        

 

The income tax (benefit) / expense for the periods shown consist of the following:

 

          
   For the Year Ended December 31,
   2025  2024
   $’000  $’000
Federal:          
Current        
Deferred        
State and local:          
Current        
Deferred        
Foreign:          
Current   (228   3 
Deferred        
 Current and deferred income tax expense   (228   3 
Change in valuation allowance        
Income tax (benefit) /expense   (228   3 

 

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods shown, are as follows:

 

            
   As of
   December 31, 2025  December 31, 2024
Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate   21.0%   21.0%
State income tax benefit, net of federal impact   (0.8)%   2.2%
Permanent differences   %   0.6%
Return to provision adjustments   (1.4)%   2.8%
Foreign Tax   %   (1.1)%
Fair value gain/loss on share issuance   %   (21.8)%
Deferred adjustments due to discontinued operations   %   14.8%
Other   %   %
Change in valuation allowance   (18.8)%   (18.4)%
Effective income tax rate   %   0.1%

 

The Company has filing obligations in what it considers its U.S. major tax jurisdictions as follows: Connecticut, Kansas, Texas, Virginia, New York State and New York City. The earliest year that the Company is subject to examination is the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

The Company has approximately $20.0 million of Federal and State Net operating loss (“NOLs”) available to offset future taxable income. The net operating loss carryforwards generated prior to 2018, if not utilized, will expire from 2035 to 2037 for federal and state purposes.

 

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not recognize the future tax benefit of the loss carryforwards and has recognized a valuation allowance of $28.9 million and $12.0 million, respectively. The valuation allowance decreased by approximately $16.9 million.

 

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. Generally, in addition to certain entity reorganizations, the limitation applies when one or more “5 percent shareholders” increase their ownership, in the aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over a 36-month time period testing period or beginning the day after the most recent ownership change, if shorter.

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Apr 29, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 11, 2025
2023Mar 20, 2024
2022Mar 21, 2023
2021Mar 17, 2022
2020Apr 15, 2021
2019May 29, 2020
2018Aug 21, 2019
2017Feb 27, 2019

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.