Segment Information
The following table presents segment net loss, including significant expense categories (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
Research and development expenses:
External research and development expenses(1)
$43,535 $31,873 
Fees paid to licensors(2)
235,525
Personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation10,5537,628
Facility and information technology allocated expenses1,8261,838
General and administrative expenses:
Personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation10,9475,634
General corporate and facility expenses(3)
8,4014,222
Other segment items(4)
(17)4,968
Net loss$75,268 $61,688 
(1)External research and development expenses consist primarily of costs paid to third-parties including CROs, CDMOs, consultants, advisors and lab-related vendors.
(2)Fees paid to licensors consists primarily of upfront and annual licensing fees paid pursuant to the Company's license agreements.
(3)General corporate and facility expenses consists primarily of professional services fees for legal, finance, human resources, medical affairs in addition to information technology expenses and rent expense, net of sublease income.
(4)Other segment items consists primarily of interest income, partially offset by taxes and non-cash expenses, such as stock-based compensation, depreciation, the fair value of equity issued pursuant to the AbbVie License Agreement (Note 9) recognized in 2024, and amortization of discounts and premiums on marketable securities.

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.