NOTE 17 – INCOME TAX 

 

The Company has not recorded income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 nor for other deferred tax assets generated, due to its uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items.

 

The components of income/(loss) before income taxes consist of the following:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2024   2023 
Domestic   (17,924,310)   (16,672,162)
Foreign   (1,226,887)   (4,206,130)
Total   (19,151,197)   (20,878,292)

 

The Company has federal and state net operating losses as of December 31, 2024, and 2023.

 

The Company has not recorded any amounts for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024, and 2023. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had no accrual of interest and penalties on the Company’s balance sheets and has not recognized interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023. 

 

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and India. The Company’s tax returns filed has no pending examinations in India and US.

The effective income tax rate differs from the amount computed by applying the income tax rate of India to Income/(Loss) before income taxes approximately as follows:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2024   2023 
Accounting income / (loss) before income tax   (19,151,197)   (20,878,292)
Income tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate at 21%   (4,021,752)   (4,384,441)
Foreign tax rate differential   (798,222)   (1,078,990)
Non-deductible expenses   245,753    (23,494)
Excess tax benefit / (expense) on depreciation   (66,770)   18,621 
Excess tax expense on security deposit   286    10,826 
Impact of unrecognized deferred tax asset on the loss of the year   4,640,705    5,457,478 
Income tax expense/(benefit)   
-
    
-
 

 

The Company recorded nil income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 due to losses in current year and prior year and it does not expect to recover the tax benefit on the losses incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023.

 

The components of the deferred tax balances were as follows:

 

   December 31,
2024
   December 31,
2023
 
Deferred tax assets:          
Net operating loss carry forwards   5,123,862    763,591 
Net operating loss   3,842,483    4,360,270 
Lease payments   28,299    18,976 
Credit loss reserve   198,703    - 
Others   44,204    23,754 
    9,237,551    5,166,591 
Valuation allowance   (9,150,495)   (5,145,040)
Deferred tax assets   87,056    21,551 
           
Deferred tax liabilities:          
Depreciation and amortization   74,285    16,763 
Others   12,771    4,788 
Deferred tax liabilities   87,056    21,551 
Net deferred tax assets/liability   
-
    - 

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carry forwards. The Company performed an analysis of the realizability of deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 and recorded a valuation allowance of $9,150,495 and $5,145,040 respectively.

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.