Note 18—Segment Financial Information

Overview

The Company’s operations are substantially all located in the United States, and can be classified under three segments: Fintech, Credit Solutions (three sub-segments) and Corporate.

Fintech Solutions partners with fintech companies and other technology focused payment-based providers to deliver payment, deposit, and sponsored lending products that attract deposits and generate fee income. Fintech includes: (i) Program sponsorship, or prepaid debit and credit cards that we issue which are generated by companies that market directly to end users. Through this product, we source the majority of our deposits and generate non-interest income; (ii) Payment services, or ACH processing and other real-time end-to-end payment processing services for which we earn fee income; and (iii) Sponsored lending, or Fintech loans, which consists of secured credit card and unsecured short-term extensions of credit that are originated by the Bank, with the marketing and servicing assistance of our partners. As of December 31, 2025, 91% of our total deposits were sourced from Fintech Solutions, primarily from Program sponsorship.

Credit Solutions is our lending operations, and includes: (i) Real estate bridge lending (REBL) which comprised primarily of apartment building rehabilitation loans; (ii) institutional banking comprised of security-backed lines of credit (SBLOCs), cash value insurance policy-backed lines of credit (IBLOCs) and advisor financing; and (iii) commercial loans comprised primarily of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and direct lease financing. Credit Solutions also includes deposits generated by those business lines.

Corporate includes interest income from investment securities, corporate overhead, and expenses that have not been allocated.

The chief operating decision maker for each of our segments is the Chief Executive Officer. Key factors in the decision-making process for the Fintech segment includes deposit growth, and the cost thereof, and non-interest income growth, which are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For Credit Solutions, loan growth and related yields are factors in decision making. Comparative loan balance information measuring loan growth is presented in “Note 5. Loans”.

Segment Reporting Methodology

The results of our business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. Our internal management and reporting process used to derive our segment results employs various allocation methodologies to assign certain revenues and expenses indirectly attributable to each business segment, as outlined below.

The tables of segment financial information include presentation of amounts that are recognized or incurred specific to the operations of our segments, including Interest income, Provision for credit losses, Non-interest income and Non-interest expense - direct. Interest expense for the Fintech segment consists of interest expense actually incurred to generate its deposits, which is the Company’s actual cost of funds. Interest expense for the Corporate segment consists of expense related to our senior term debt, trust preferred debt, and demand deposits.

Segment financial information includes allocations between segments and certain non-GAAP subtotals as follows:

Interest allocation is a non-GAAP item which presents a market-based allocation of interest between segments. The fintech segment generates the majority of our deposits, and both Fintech speciality lending and the Credit Solutions segments use the amount to fund loans, and the Corporate segment uses funds for the investment securities portfolio. As such, Credit Solutions and Corporate pay Fintech interest for their use of deposits and fintech recognizes an offsetting amount of interest income. The rate utilized for the allocation between segments corresponds to an estimated average of the three year FHLB rate.

Income before non-interest expense allocations is a non-GAAP subtotal, which presents an income subtotal before consideration of allocated Corporate expenses which might be fixed, semi-fixed or otherwise resist changes without regard to a particular line of business.

Non-interest expense allocations are non-GAAP items which present the allocation of support service costs to the segments based on estimated usage. Those support department allocations are reflected in the “Risk, financial crimes and compliance” and “Information technology and operations” line items. Other allocated expenses includes costs of overhead functions, including human resources, finance, marketing, legal, facilities and general adminstrative costs.

Segment Results

The following tables provide segment information for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

For the year ended December 31, 2025

Credit Solutions

Fintech

REBL

Institutional Banking

Commercial

Corporate

Total

Interest income

$

3,395 

$

191,486 

$

117,586 

$

132,161 

$

106,741 

$

551,369 

Interest allocation

254,317 

(91,381)

(65,706)

(67,418)

(29,812)

Interest expense

154,200 

4,480 

40 

17,138 

175,858 

Net interest income

103,512 

100,105 

47,400 

64,703 

59,791 

375,511 

Provision for credit losses(1)

169,294 

(469)

(6)

8,965 

(91)

177,693 

Non-interest income(1)

310,555 

6,649 

348 

8,306 

2,475 

328,333 

Direct non-interest expense

Salaries and employee benefits

17,703 

4,378 

10,312 

19,955 

90,206 

142,554 

Data processing expense

1,392 

171 

2,070 

8 

1,323 

4,964 

Software

647

108

2,846

1,758

15,182 

20,541 

Other

10,952 

5,041 

1,330 

7,809 

29,923 

55,055 

Income before non-interest expense allocations

214,079 

97,525 

31,196 

34,514 

(74,277)

303,037 

Non-interest expense allocations

Risk, financial crimes, and compliance

29,124 

2,357 

3,233 

5,308 

(40,022)

Information technology and operations

14,702 

821 

6,150 

8,387 

(30,060)

Other allocated expenses

16,439 

3,331 

6,903 

7,870 

(34,543)

Total non-interest expense allocations

60,265 

6,509 

16,286 

21,565 

(104,625)

Income before taxes

153,814 

91,016 

14,910 

12,949 

30,348 

303,037 

Income tax expense

37,979 

22,473 

3,681 

3,197 

7,494 

74,824 

Net income

$

115,835 

$

68,543 

$

11,229 

$

9,752 

$

22,854 

$

228,213 

(1)Non-interest income of the Fintech segment includes $169.3 million of Fintech loan credit enhancement income related to the estimated recovery from a Fintech partner for losses on fintech loans where the measurement of the expected loan loss and credit enhancement are based on the same estimate. The remainder of Non-interest income for Fintech is $141.2 million Total fintech fees and $0.1 million of other.

For the year ended December 31, 2024

Credit Solutions

Fintech

REBL

Institutional Banking

Commercial

Corporate

Total

Interest income

$

214 

$

207,062 

$

121,522 

$

124,490 

$

98,304 

$

551,592 

Interest allocation

261,484 

(98,064)

(69,942)

(69,960)

(23,518)

Interest expense

156,271 

3,962 

35 

15,083 

175,351 

Net interest income

105,427 

108,998 

47,618 

54,495 

59,703 

376,241 

Provision for credit losses(1)

30,651 

2,159 

763 

6,416 

(1,615)

38,374 

Non-interest income(1)

147,574 

3,264 

211 

5,541 

924 

157,514 

Direct non-interest expense

Salaries and employee benefits

15,577 

3,996 

9,659 

18,323 

84,042 

131,597 

Data processing expense

1,552 

169 

2,329 

7 

1,609 

5,666 

Software

486 

104 

2,962 

1,777 

12,584 

17,913 

Other

9,203 

4,719 

2,093 

7,698 

24,336 

48,049 

Income before non-interest expense allocations

195,532 

101,115 

30,023 

25,815 

(60,329)

292,156 

Non-interest expense allocations

Risk, financial crimes, and compliance

26,922 

2,177 

3,017 

4,921 

(37,037)

Information technology and operations

13,732 

723 

5,993 

7,444 

(27,892)

Other allocated expenses

15,814 

3,021 

6,574 

7,070 

(32,479)

Total non-interest expense allocations

56,468 

5,921 

15,584 

19,435 

(97,408)

Income before taxes

139,064 

95,194 

14,439 

6,380 

37,079 

292,156 

Income tax expense

35,516 

24,312 

3,688 

1,629 

9,471 

74,616 

Net income (loss)

$

103,548 

$

70,882 

$

10,751 

$

4,751 

$

27,608 

$

217,540 

(1)Non-interest income of the Fintech segment includes $30.7 million of Fintech loan credit enhancement income related to the estimated recovery from a Fintech partner for losses on fintech loans where the measurement of the expected loan loss and credit enhancement are based on the same estimate. The remainder of Non-interest income for Fintech is $116.8 million total fintech fees and $0.1 million of other.

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Credit Solutions

Fintech

REBL

Institutional Banking

Commercial

Corporate

Total

Interest income

$

110 

$

194,419 

$

136,069 

$

102,596 

$

76,313 

$

509,507 

Interest allocation

264,820 

(97,941)

(84,807)

(68,487)

(13,585)

Interest expense

139,500 

507 

4,355 

11,093 

155,455 

Net interest income

125,430 

95,971 

46,907 

34,109 

51,635 

354,052 

Provision for credit losses

1,529 

(25)

7,222 

9,604 

18,330 

Non-interest income

99,376 

6,037 

760 

6,881 

(960)

112,094 

Direct non-interest expense

Salaries and employee benefits

13,666 

3,607 

9,680 

16,480 

77,622 

121,055 

Data processing expense

1,309 

153 

2,358 

5 

1,622 

5,447 

Software

552

99

2,951

1,341

12,406

17,349 

Other

9,554 

3,693 

1,923 

8,310 

23,711 

47,191 

Income before non-interest expense allocations

199,725 

92,927 

30,780 

7,632 

(74,290)

256,774 

Non-interest expense allocations

Risk, financial crimes, and compliance

25,803 

1,221 

1,741 

2,473 

(31,238)

Information technology and operations

13,189 

805 

6,928 

6,488 

(27,410)

Other allocated expenses

11,598 

2,284 

5,895 

5,928 

(25,705)

Total non-interest expense allocations

50,590 

4,310 

14,564 

14,889 

(84,353)

Income (loss) before taxes

149,135 

88,617 

16,216 

(7,257)

10,063 

256,774 

Income tax expense (benefit)

37,449 

22,252 

4,072 

(1,822)

2,527 

64,478 

Net income (loss)

$

111,686 

$

66,365 

$

12,144 

$

(5,435)

$

7,536 

$

192,296 

December 31, 2025

Credit Solutions

Fintech

REBL

Institutional Banking

Commercial

Corporate

Total

Total assets

$

1,177,306 

$

2,362,489 

$

1,981,479 

$

1,762,882 

$

2,068,269 

$

9,352,425 

Total liabilities

$

7,377,441 

$

1,817 

$

269,743 

$

5,591 

$

1,008,037 

$

8,662,629 

December 31, 2024

Credit Solutions

Fintech

REBL

Institutional Banking

Commercial

Corporate

Total

Total assets

$

518,371 

$

2,300,817 

$

1,855,016 

$

1,676,241 

$

2,377,098 

$

8,727,543 

Total liabilities

$

6,885,456 

$

2,116 

$

434,283 

$

8,309 

$

607,596 

$

7,937,760 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 25, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 3, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Mar 1, 2023
2021Mar 1, 2022
2020Mar 15, 2021
2019Mar 16, 2020
2018Mar 15, 2019
2017Mar 16, 2018
2016Mar 16, 2017
2015Mar 15, 2016
2014Sep 28, 2015

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.