15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

The following summarizes the Company’s commitments at December 31, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

Number

UDR's

UDR's Remaining

Properties

Investment (a)

Commitment

Real estate commitments

Wholly-owned — under development

 

1

$

72,885

$

60,715

 

Other unconsolidated investments:

Real estate technology and sustainability investments (b)

-

134,006

34,994

Total

 

  ​

$

206,891

$

95,709

 

(a)Represents UDR’s investment as of December 31, 2025.
(b)As of December 31, 2025, the investments were recorded in either Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net or Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contingencies

Litigation and Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot determine the ultimate liability with respect to such legal proceedings and claims at this time. The Company believes that such liability, to the extent not provided for through insurance or otherwise, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have been named as a defendant in a number of cases alleging antitrust violations by RealPage, Inc., a vendor providing revenue management software products, and various owners or managers of multifamily housing, which cases have been consolidated in the United States Court for the Middle District of Tennessee with the Second Amended Complaint filed September 7, 2023 and cases with similar allegations that have been filed by the District of Columbia on November 1, 2023 in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, the State of Maryland on January 15, 2025 in the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County, Maryland, subsequently transferred to the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, and on April 8, 2025 in the Superior Court for King County, Washington. These cases seek injunctive relief as well as monetary damages. We believe that there are defenses, both factual and legal, to the allegations in such cases and we intend to vigorously defend such suits. We are also aware that governmental investigations regarding antitrust matters in the multifamily industry are occurring and the federal government and various state attorneys general have filed a civil lawsuit against RealPage, Inc. and certain owners or managers of multifamily housing to which we are not a party. As all of the above proceedings are in the early stages, it is not possible for us to predict the outcome or to estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may be associated with an adverse decision in any of these cases or any case that may be brought based on the investigations. As a result, as of December 31, 2025, there is no liability recorded.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 17, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 18, 2025
2023Feb 20, 2024
2022Feb 13, 2023
2021Feb 15, 2022
2020Feb 18, 2021
2019Feb 18, 2020
2018Feb 19, 2019
2017Feb 20, 2018
2016Feb 21, 2017
2015Feb 23, 2016

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.