6 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

Goodwill

 

The following is a summary of activity in goodwill:

 

   December 31,
2024
 
Balance at December 31, 2022  $4,576,572 
Foreign exchange transaction   220,506 
Balance at December 31, 2023   4,797,078 
Foreign exchange transactions   (17,453)
Balance at December 31, 2024  $4,779,625 

 

Intangibles

 

Intangible assets consist of the following:

 

   As of December 31, 2024 
   Amortization Period   Costs as of
January 1, 2024
   Additions   Disposals   Ending
Costs
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Accumulated
Impairment
   Net Book
Value
 
Patents  5-15 years   $7,332,227   $219,241   $              -   $7,506,485   $(6,765,407)  $-   $786,061 
IPR&D  5 years    5,015,694    -    -    5,015,694    (3,554,784)   (1,460,910)   - 
Other intellectual assets  5 years    969,278    -    -    969,278    (969,278)   -    - 
Intangible assets, net      $13,317,199   $219,241   $-   $13,536,440   $(11,289,469)  $(1,460,910)  $786,061 
   As of December 31, 2023
   Amortization  Costs as of
January 1,
           Ending   Accumulated   Accumulated   Net Book 
   Period  2023   Additions   Disposals   Costs   Amortization   Impairment   Value 
Patents  5-15 years  $7,220,776   $111,451   $              -   $7,332,227   $(6,703,750)  $-   $628,477 
IPR&D  5 years   5,015,694    -    -    5,015,694    (3,554,784)   (1,460,910)   - 
Other intellectual assets  5 years   969,278    -    -    969,278    (969,278)   -    - 
Intangible assets, net     $13,205,748   $111,451   $-   $13,317,199   $(11,227,812)  $(1,460,910)  $628,477 

 

Intangible assets primarily consist of patents, patent applications, and in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) and other identifiable intangible assets. Intangible assets are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the periods of benefit. The Company’s patents have estimated remaining economic useful lives ranging from 5-15 years. Management reviews intangible assets for impairment when events and circumstances warrant. December 31, 2024 and 2023, no events have occurred that required additional impairment of intangible assets.

 

Intangible asset amortization expense, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled approximately $62,000 and $534,000, respectively.

 

Future estimated amortization expense for the Company’s intangible assets is approximately as follows:

 

Future estimated amortization as of December 31, 2024    
2025   55,444 
2026   55,444 
2027   55,444 
2028   55,444 
2029   55,444 
Thereafter   508,841 
   $786,061 

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.