Revenue Recognition
The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from residential and commercial rental income and other lease income, which are accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842, Leases. For leases that include rent concessions and/or scheduled fixed and determinable rent increases, revenue from leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease. Unbilled rents receivable represents the cumulative amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with the lease agreements.
Revenue from leases also includes reimbursements and recoveries from commercial tenants for certain costs as provided in the lease agreements. These costs generally include real estate taxes, utilities, insurance, common area maintenance and other recoverable costs. The Company elected a practical expedient for its rental properties (as lessor) to avoid separating non-lease components that otherwise would need to be accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (such as tenant reimbursements of property operating expenses), from the associated lease component since (1) the non-lease components have the same timing and pattern of transfer as the associated lease component and (2) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. This enables the Company to account for the lease component and non-lease components as an operating lease since the lease component is the predominant component.
Management fees include property management, development, construction and leasing commission fees and other services, and payroll and related costs reimbursed from unconsolidated joint ventures in which the Company is the managing member.
Parking income is comprised of income from parking spaces leased to tenants and others.
Other income includes income from tenants for additional services arranged for by the Company and income from tenants for early lease terminations.
The Company reviews its accounts receivables related to rental income and other lease income, including straight-line rent receivable, for collectability. The factors considered by management in determining which individual tenant’s revenues are uncollectible include the age of the receivable, the tenant’s payment history, the nature of the charges, any communications regarding the charges and other related information. If a lessee’s accounts receivable balance is considered uncollectible, the Company will write-off the uncollectible receivable balances associated with the lease and will only recognize lease income on a cash basis. The Company includes provision for doubtful accounts as a reduction of corresponding revenue account, in accordance with Topic 842.
About Revenue Disclosures
Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.
Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.