Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying value of our goodwill were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | December 31, 2025 | | December 31, 2024 |
| | (in millions) |
Opening balance | | $ | 7,732 | | | $ | 7,732 | |
Acquisition | | 28 | | | — | |
Assets held for sale | | (149) | | | — | |
Ending balance | | $ | 7,611 | | | $ | 7,732 | |
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from anticipated synergies and intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition, including increased footprint, assembled workforce, noncontractual relationships and other agreements. As the Versant businesses were operated as a part of Comcast’s Media segment, our combined balance sheets include an allocated amount of goodwill from Comcast’s Media segment, determined using a relative fair value analysis as of July 1, 2024, the date of Comcast’s most recent annual goodwill impairment assessment. The fair values utilized in the relative fair value analysis were estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, using Level 3 inputs. When performing this analysis, we also considered multiples of earnings from comparable public companies and recent market transactions. Prior to this date, impairment analysis was performed at the Comcast level.
Following the allocation, goodwill is required to be assessed for recoverability annually, or more frequently whenever events or substantive changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a reporting unit may exceed its fair value. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. To determine our reporting units, we evaluate the components one level below the segment level and we aggregate the components if they have similar economic characteristics. We evaluate the determination of our reporting units used to test for impairment periodically or whenever events or substantive changes in circumstances occur. The assessment of recoverability may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. A quantitative assessment is performed if the qualitative assessment results in a more-likely-than-not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed. The quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Unless presented separately, the impairment charge is included as a component of amortization expense.
Intangible Assets
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| | | | December 31, |
| | | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| | Weighted-Average Remaining Useful Life as of December 31, 2025 | | Gross Carrying Amount (1) | | Accumulated Amortization | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization |
| | | | (in millions) |
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Customer relationships | | 1 year | | $ | 9,043 | | | $ | (8,238) | | | $ | 9,033 | | | $ | (7,477) | |
Tradenames and other | | 1 year | | 729 | | | (610) | | | 954 | | | (642) | |
| Total | | | | $ | 9,772 | | | $ | (8,848) | | | $ | 9,987 | | | $ | (8,118) | |
Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was $943 million, $926 million, and $924 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 includes accelerated amortization of the MSNBC trade name as a result of the rebranding of the network.
Finite-lived intangible assets are subject to amortization and consist primarily of customer relationships and trade names acquired in business combinations. Our finite-lived intangible assets are amortized primarily on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life or the term of the associated agreement.
The table below presents the estimated amortization expense of our intangible assets.
| | | | | |
| (in millions) |
| 2026 | $ | 884 | |
| 2027 | $ | 9 | |
| 2028 | $ | 6 | |
| 2029 | $ | 6 | |
| 2030 | $ | 6 | |
| Thereafter | $ | 13 | |
We evaluate the recoverability of our finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or substantive changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The evaluation is based on the cash flows generated by the underlying asset groups, including estimated future operating results, trends or other determinants of fair value. If the total of the expected future undiscounted cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the asset group, we would recognize an impairment charge to the extent the carrying amount of the asset group exceeded its estimated fair value. Unless presented separately, the impairment charge is included as a component of amortization expense.