9.Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:
(in millions)MobilityCorporate
Payments
BenefitsTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2025
Gross goodwill$1,545.2 $775.4 $863.4 $3,184.0 
Accumulated impairment losses(190.7)(9.9)— (200.6)
Net goodwill$1,354.5 $765.5 $863.4 $2,983.4 
Measurement period adjustments    
Foreign currency translation6.8 25.1  31.9 
Balance at December 31, 2025
Gross goodwill$1,552.0 $800.5 $863.4 $3,215.9 
Accumulated impairment losses(190.7)(9.9) (200.6)
Net goodwill$1,361.3 $790.6 $863.4 $3,015.3 
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
(In millions)MobilityCorporate
Payments
BenefitsTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2024
Gross goodwill$1,556.6 $797.2 $862.5 $3,216.3 
Accumulated impairment losses(190.7)(9.9)— (200.6)
Net goodwill$1,365.9 $787.3 $862.5 $3,015.7 
Goodwill acquired during the year(3.0)— 0.9 (2.1)
Foreign currency translation(8.4)(21.8)— (30.2)
Balance at December 31, 2024
Gross goodwill$1,545.2 $775.4 $863.4 $3,184.0 
Accumulated impairment losses(190.7)(9.9)— (200.6)
Net goodwill$1,354.5 $765.5 $863.4 $2,983.4 
Other Intangible Assets    
Other intangible assets consist of the following:
 December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(in millions)Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Definite-lived intangible assets
Acquired software and developed technology$310.2 $(268.5)$41.7 $317.8 $(254.6)$63.3 
Customer relationships1,985.2 (1,195.3)789.9 1,971.4 (1,083.0)888.4 
Contractual rights(1)
286.6 (124.0)162.7 286.6 (86.9)199.7 
Merchant networks and other partner relationships163.9 (86.0)77.9 160.9 (73.7)87.3 
Trade names and brand names62.8 (48.8)14.0 62.4 (45.5)16.9 
Other intangible assets9.5 (7.5)2.0 12.0 (7.5)4.5 
Total$2,818.2 $(1,730.0)$1,088.2 $2,811.1 $(1,551.1)$1,260.0 
(1)Contractual rights represent intangible rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSAs.
During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense was $191.9 million, $201.8 million and $184.0 million, respectively. The following table presents the estimated amortization expense related to the definite-lived intangible assets listed above for each of the next five fiscal years:
(in millions)
2026$177.2 
2027$162.5 
2028$150.0 
2029$106.4 
2030$93.1 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 13, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 20, 2025
2023Feb 23, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023
2021Mar 1, 2022
2020Mar 1, 2021
2019Feb 28, 2020
2018Mar 18, 2019
2017Mar 1, 2018
2016Mar 6, 2017
2015Feb 26, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.