13. INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes included the following components for the year ended December 31, 2025:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(Dollars in thousands)

Current:

 

  ​

Federal

$

6,210

State

 

1,971

Foreign

 

446

Total

 

8,627

Deferred:

 

Federal

(555)

State

(132)

Foreign

1,014

Total

 

327

Total provision

$

8,954

The provision for income taxes included the following components for the year ended December 31, 2024:

  ​ ​ ​

2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Current:

 

  ​

Federal

$

6,243

State

 

1,997

Foreign

 

219

Total

 

8,459

Deferred:

 

1,057

Total provision

$

9,516

The foreign component of pre-tax earnings was a loss of ($0.7 million) in 2025 compared to earnings of $0.9 million in 2024.

We intend to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of our non-US subsidiaries. Accordingly, no deferred tax liability has been recorded with respect to these subsidiaries. We have evaluated the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries and have concluded that our foreign operations either have earnings that would result in no tax liability if repatriated, or have cumulative losses and, therefore, do not have undistributed earnings for which a deferred tax liability would be required under ASC 740-30. Should these subsidiaries generate cumulative earnings in the future, we will assess our intent and ability to indefinitely reinvest such earnings outside the United States.

As described in Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements, we have elected to prospectively adopt the guidance in ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes. The following table is a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent to our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with the guidance of ASU 2023-09.

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(Dollars in thousands)

Amount

Rate

Earnings before provision for income taxes

$

32,032

Tax provision at U.S. federal statutory tax rate

6,727

21.0

%

State and local taxes, net of federal income tax effect (a)

1,439

4.50

Foreign tax effects

Change in valuation allowance

1,541

4.8

Other

(166)

(0.5)

Effect of cross-border tax laws

(214)

(0.7)

Nontaxable and nondeductible items

(267)

(0.8)

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

(106)

(0.3)

Provision for income taxes and effective tax rate

$

8,954

28.0

%

(a)State taxes in Wisconsin made up greater than 50% of the tax effect in this category.

The following table is a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent to our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024, prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09:

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

 

21.0

%  

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit

 

4.0

 

Foreign income tax rate differences

 

0.9

 

Share-based compensation

 

(1.6)

 

Other

 

(0.4)

 

Effective tax rate

 

23.9

%  

The components of deferred taxes at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Deferred income tax assets:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Accounts receivable reserves

$

251

$

266

Pension liability

 

2,100

 

2,708

Accrued liabilities

 

2,282

 

1,582

Operating lease liabilities

3,413

3,566

Carryforward losses

2,729

Valuation allowance

 

(3,957)

 

 

6,818

 

8,122

Deferred income tax liabilities:

 

 

Inventory and related reserves

 

(4,254)

 

(5,140)

Cash value of life insurance

 

(834)

 

(753)

Property, plant and equipment

 

(1,513)

 

(1,484)

Intangible assets

 

(10,831)

 

(10,207)

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

(303)

 

(308)

Operating lease right-of-use assets

(2,911)

(3,115)

 

(20,646)

 

(21,007)

Net deferred income tax liabilities

$

(13,828)

$

(12,885)

As of December 31, 2025, we had foreign loss carryforwards totaling approximately $9.1 million, all of which relate to operations in Australia. These loss carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period and are available to offset future foreign taxable income. We have evaluated the realizability of the related deferred tax assets and concluded that it is more likely than not that the foreign loss

carryforwards will not be realized. As a result, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025.

The net deferred income tax liabilities are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Non-current deferred income tax benefits

$

$

1,037

Non-current deferred income tax liabilities

 

(13,828)

 

(13,922)

Net deferred income tax liabilities

$

(13,828)

$

(12,885)

In accordance with the guidance in ASU 2023-09, below is a summary of income taxes paid, net of refunds, by jurisdiction for the year ended December 31, 2025:

2025

(Dollars in thousands)

U.S. Federal

$

4,500

State

Wisconsin

2,000

Other

222

Total U.S. and State

 

2,222

Foreign

 

133

Total cash taxes paid

$

6,855

For the year ended December 31, 2024, prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, totaled $9.4 million.

Uncertain Tax Positions

We account for our uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 provides that the tax effects from an uncertain tax position can be recognized in our consolidated financial statements only if the position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position.

The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

(Dollars in thousands)

Unrecognized tax benefits balance at January 1,

$

640

$

608

Increases related to current year tax positions

 

 

32

Decreases due to lapsing of statute of limitations

 

(95)

 

Unrecognized tax benefits balance at December 31, 

$

545

$

640

The unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2025 and 2024, both included $0.1 million of interest related to such positions. The unrecognized tax benefits, if ultimately recognized, would reduce our annual effective tax rate. The liabilities for potential interest are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

We file a U.S. federal income tax return, various U.S. state income tax returns and several foreign returns. In general, the 2021 through 2024 tax years remain subject to examination by those taxing authorities.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 13, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 14, 2025
2023Mar 14, 2024
2022Mar 13, 2023
2021Mar 11, 2022
2020Mar 12, 2021
2019Mar 12, 2020
2018Mar 14, 2019
2017Mar 13, 2018
2016Mar 9, 2017
2015Mar 10, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.