Note 11. Income Taxes

 

The significant items comprising the Company’s net deferred taxes as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

   As of December 31, 
   2025   2024 
Net operating loss $9,493,537  $9,042,902 
Stock options and compensation  2,426,677   2,440,539 
Deferred revenue  274,366   318,610 
Other  

1,185,473

   576,224 
Valuation allowance  (13,380,053)  (12,378,275)
Total deferred tax asset  -   - 
           
Basis difference fixed assets  -   - 
Total deferred tax liability  -   - 
           
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $-  $- 

 

The components of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes consist of the following:

 

   As of December 31, 
   2025   2024 
Current tax:        
Federal $-  $- 
State  -   - 
Total $-  $- 
           
Deferred tax:          
Federal $(928,450) $(233,463)
State  (73,328)  (18,344)
Less: change in valuation allowance  1,001,778   251,807 
   -   - 
Total $-  $- 

 

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes varies from the amount computed by applying the statutory rate for reasons summarized below:

 

   As of December 31,
2025
   As of December 31,
2024
 
Net loss before tax per financial statements $(4,444,109)     $(1,136,225)    
                     
Statutory rate  (933,263)  21.00%  (238,607)  21.00%
State tax rate  (73,328)  1.65%  (18,748)  1.65%
Permanent items  4,813   (0.11)%  5,548   0.49%
Rate change  -   0.00%  -   0.00%
Change in valuation allowance  1,001,778   (22.54)%  251,807   (22.16)%
  $-   0.00% $-   0.00%

 

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $41.9 million and $38.8 million, respectively, available to offset future taxable income. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had state loss carry-forwards of approximately $20.3 million and $19.3 million, respectively. Future utilization of net operating losses may be limited due to potential ownership changes under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely and state loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2039.

 

The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $13,380,053 and $12,378,275, respectively. The net change in valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was an increase of $1,001,778 and $251,807, respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on consideration of these items, management has determined that enough uncertainty exists relative to the realization of the deferred income tax asset balances to warrant the application of a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has not filed federal or state tax returns for the years beginning 2020 through 2025. The Company plans to work with external tax advisors to prepare and submit these returns. The company has evaluated the potential tax exposure and believes there to be no liability due to the Company’s sustained losses. However, the final tax liability could differ from the amounts currently recorded. The Company does not believe the outcome will have a material adverse effect on its overall financial position.

 

The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits during 2025 or 2024. By statute, all tax years are open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Sep 24, 2024
2022Apr 17, 2023
2021Mar 31, 2022
2020May 19, 2021
2019Jun 12, 2020
2018Apr 1, 2019
2017Apr 16, 2018
2016Apr 17, 2017

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.