Earnings Per Share
White Mountains calculates earnings per share using the two-class method, which allocates earnings between common shares and unvested restricted common shares. Both classes of shares participate equally in dividends and earnings on a per share basis. Basic earnings per share amounts are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for unvested restricted common shares.
The following table presents the Company’s computation of earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Basic and diluted earnings per share numerators (in millions):   
Net income (loss) attributable to White Mountains’s
   common shareholders
$1,106.4 $230.4 $509.2 
Adjustment for redeemable noncontrolling interests (1)
(2.8)— — 
Allocation of (earnings) losses to participating restricted common shares (2)
(13.5)(3.0)(7.2)
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share numerators $1,090.1 $227.4 $502.0 
Basic earnings per share denominators (in thousands):
Total average common shares outstanding during the period2,565.5 2,565.7 2,563.3 
Average unvested restricted common shares (3)
(31.2)(33.5)(36.0)
Basic earnings (losses) per share denominator2,534.3 2,532.2 2,527.3 
Diluted earnings per share denominator (in thousands):
Total average common shares outstanding during the period2,565.5 2,565.7 2,563.3 
Average unvested restricted common shares (3)
(31.2)(33.5)(36.0)
Diluted earnings (losses) per share denominator2,534.3 2,532.2 2,527.3 
Basic and diluted earnings per share (in dollars):
Distributed earnings - dividends declared and paid$1.00 $1.00 $1.00 
Undistributed earnings (losses)429.14 88.79 197.60 
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share $430.14 $89.79 $198.60 
(1) White Mountains recognizes an adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests to the extent that the carrying value is below the redemption value. When calculating basic and diluted earnings per share, the adjustment for redeemable noncontrolling interests is treated as being akin to a dividend and presented as an adjustment to net income (loss) attributable to White Mountains’s common shareholders.
(2) Restricted shares issued by White Mountains receive dividends, and therefore, are considered participating securities.
(3) Restricted shares outstanding vest upon a stated date. See Note 12 — “Employee Share-Based Incentive Compensation Plans.”

The following table presents the undistributed net earnings (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Year Ended December 31,
Millions202520242023
Undistributed net earnings:
Net income (loss) attributable to White Mountains’s common shareholders,
     net of restricted common share amounts
$1,090.1 $227.4 $502.0 
Dividends declared, net of restricted common share amounts (1)
(2.5)(2.5)(2.5)
Total undistributed net earnings (losses), net of restricted common share amounts$1,087.6 $224.9 $499.5 
(1) Restricted shares issued by White Mountains receive dividends, and therefore, are considered participating securities.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 26, 2024
2022Feb 27, 2023
2021Feb 28, 2022
2020Feb 26, 2021
2019Mar 2, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2017Feb 28, 2018
2016Feb 27, 2017
2015Feb 29, 2016

About Earnings Per Share Disclosures

The earnings per share disclosure breaks down the calculation from net income to both basic and diluted EPS, revealing the full impact of a company's capital structure on per-share economics. The reconciliation between basic and diluted share counts exposes how many stock options, RSUs, convertible securities, and warrants are potentially dilutive to existing shareholders.

Key signals: a widening gap between basic and diluted shares indicates growing dilution from equity compensation or convertible instruments. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the diluted calculation deserve attention — they represent latent dilution that will materialize if the stock price rises. Watch for the effect of share buybacks on per-share metrics: EPS growth driven primarily by repurchases rather than income growth signals weakening fundamentals. Compare year-over-year changes in the diluted share count against equity compensation expense to assess whether management is effectively managing dilution.