Depreciation has been computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Years
Gaming terminals, software and equipment
3-13
Amusement, ATM and other equipment
7-10
Office equipment and furniture7
Computer software and equipment
3-5
Leasehold improvements *5
Vehicles5
Buildings and improvements
15-29
* Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life or the lease.
Property and equipment, net consists of the following as of December 31 (in thousands):
20242023
Gaming terminals, software and equipment
$415,003 $361,662 
Amusement, ATM and other equipment
29,174 27,182 
Office equipment and furniture4,281 3,385 
Computer software and equipment
23,136 20,592 
Leasehold improvements10,151 8,281 
Vehicles22,974 19,862 
Buildings and improvements30,105 14,047 
Land7,718 2,469 
Construction in progress4,453 5,480 
Total property and equipment546,995 462,960 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(238,998)(202,147)
Total property and equipment, net
$307,997 $260,813 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.