Recent accounting pronouncements
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
Income Tax: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to address improvements to income tax disclosures. The standard requires disaggregated information about a company’s ETR reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid, which includes the following:
•Disclosure, on an annual basis, of specific categories in the rate reconciliation;
•Disclosure, on an annual basis, of additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5% of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (or loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate);
•Disclosure, on an annual basis, of the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes;
•Disclosure, on an annual basis, of the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received);
•Disclosure of income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign;
•Disclosure of income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign;
•Elimination of the requirement to disclose the nature and estimate of the range of the reasonably possible change in the unrecognized tax benefits balance in the next 12 months or make a statement that an estimate of the range cannot be made; and
•Elimination of the requirement to disclose the cumulative amount of each type of temporary difference when a deferred tax liability is not recognized because of the exceptions to comprehensive recognition of deferred taxes related to subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures.
We adopted ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis in our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, as permitted by the standard. Refer to Note 10 for our expanded income tax disclosures.
Future application of accounting standards
Internal-Use Software
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) — Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, to modernize the accounting guidance for the costs to develop software for internal use. The standard amends the existing standard that refers to various stages of a software development project to align better with current software development methods, such as agile programming. Under the new standard, entities will start capitalizing eligible costs when (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The standard is effective for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The standard can be applied on a prospective basis, a retrospective basis or a modified basis for in-process projects. We are assessing the impact of this standard.
Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) — Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring new interim and annual disclosures that provide transparency about the components of expenses included in the income statement and enhance an investor’s ability to forecast future performance. The standard requires disclosure of:
•The amounts of employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and certain other costs included in each relevant expense caption as well as the inclusion of certain amounts already required to be disclosed under existing US GAAP in the same disclosure;
•A qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively; and
•The total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses.
The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The standard will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. This standard will not have any impact to the amounts recorded within our consolidated financial statements, but will result in expanded disclosures. We are assessing the impact of this standard.