The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software

 

$

468,588

 

 

$

468,588

 

Leasehold improvements

 

 

15,994

 

 

 

15,995

 

Manufacturing machinery and equipment

 

 

19,122,828

 

 

 

20,661,222

 

Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress

 

 

72,508

 

 

 

32,087

 

Depreciable property, plant and equipment

 

 

19,679,918

 

 

 

21,177,892

 

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

 

(19,446,262

)

 

 

(20,131,008

)

Net property, plant and equipment

 

$

233,656

 

 

$

1,046,884

 

Fixed assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes approximately $786,000 of manufacturing machinery and equipment that were located in Switzerland (see Note 5).

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.