Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Machinery and equipment

 

$

7,203,592

 

 

$

7,179,629

 

Leasehold improvements

 

 

897,948

 

 

897,948

 

Furniture and office equipment

 

 

205,897

 

 

205,897

 

Computer equipment and software

 

 

197,386

 

 

197,386

 

Property and equipment, gross

 

 

8,504,823

 

 

8,480,860

 

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

 

(3,670,094

)

 

 

(2,829,884

)

Property and equipment, net

 

$

4,834,729

 

$

5,650,976

 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.