GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company records goodwill as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is tested and reviewed annually for impairment on July 1 or whenever there is a material change in events or circumstances that indicates that the fair value of the reporting unit may be less than its carrying value.
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill were as follows:

(In millions)Climate Solutions AmericasClimate Solutions EuropeClimate Solutions Asia Pacific, Middle East & AfricaClimate Solutions TransportationTotal
Balance at December 31, 2023$4,543 $703 $1,237 $1,037 $7,520 
Goodwill resulting from business combinations (1)
526 6,861 235 33 7,655 
Foreign currency translation(10)(529)(92)57 (574)
Balance at December 31, 2024$5,059 $7,035 $1,380 $1,127 $14,601 
Goodwill resulting from business combinations (1)
12 44 65 
Reclassified to held for sale (2)
— (175)— — (175)
Foreign currency translation945 24 37 1,010 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$5,075 $7,808 $1,410 $1,208 $15,501 
(1) See Note 19 - Acquisitions for additional information.
(2) See Note 20 - Divestitures for additional information.

Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following:

20252024
(In millions)Gross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet AmountGross AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Amount
Customer relationships$6,143 $(1,573)$4,570 $5,607 $(939)$4,668 
Patents and trademarks945 (191)754 885 (147)738 
Technology and other1,692 (690)1,002 1,530 (504)1,026 
Total intangible assets$8,780 $(2,454)$6,326 $8,022 $(1,590)$6,432 

Amortization of intangible assets was $884 million, $843 million and $221 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:

(In millions)20262027202820292030Thereafter
Future amortization$868 $818 $742 $655 $599 $2,644 

Impairment Test

In connection with its revised segment structure, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test on its reporting units prior to the reorganization to determine if any impairment existed. The tests did not indicate any goodwill impairment. The Company then reassigned goodwill among its new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. Based on these analyses, the Climate Solutions Europe reporting unit had a fair value of 10% above its carrying value. This constitutes the entire Climate Solutions Europe segment. All other reporting units had fair values substantially in excess of their carrying values.

The Company tested its goodwill for impairment on July 1 as part of its annual assessment. For each test, except the Climate Solutions Europe reporting unit, the Company qualitatively assessed all relevant events or circumstances that could impact the estimate of fair value and determined the fair value of each reporting unit substantially exceeded their carrying value. For the remaining test, the Company's Climate Solutions Europe reporting unit, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test to determine if any impairment existed. Upon completion of the test, the reporting unit had a fair value of approximately 14% above its carrying value. Key assumptions used in estimating future cash flows included the revenue growth rate, earnings before interest and income taxes margin, discount rate, and terminal growth rate, among others. As a result, the test did not indicate any goodwill impairment.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 5, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 11, 2025
2023Feb 6, 2024
2022Feb 7, 2023
2021Feb 8, 2022
2020Feb 9, 2021

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.