(Millions)20252024
Plant assets
Land$74 $74 
Buildings1,779 1,702 
Machinery and equipment4,473 4,328 
Projects in progress344 314 
Total cost$6,670 $6,418 
Accumulated depreciation(1)
(3,903)(3,720)
$2,767 $2,698 
__________________________________________
(1)Depreciation expense was $366 million in 2025, $338 million in 2024 and $339 million in 2023. Buildings are depreciated over periods ranging from 7 to 45 years. Machinery and equipment are depreciated over periods generally ranging from 2 to 20 years.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Sep 18, 2025Showing above
2024Sep 19, 2024
2023Sep 21, 2023
2022Sep 22, 2022

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.