Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
 20252024
Land$7,245 $7,245 
Lab equipment33,034 23,633 
Leasehold improvements14,834 14,616 
Computer equipment5,920 5,306 
Furniture and fixtures3,648 3,541 
Construction-in-progress51,059 9,614 
Total115,740 63,955 
Less: Accumulated depreciation
(18,297)(12,833)
Property and equipment, net$97,443 $51,122 
Depreciation expense was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
 202520242023
Cost of sales (exclusive of amortization of acquired intangible assets)$3,916 $2,950 $1,758 
Research and development355 354 330 
Selling, general and administrative1,662 1,587 1,229 
Total depreciation expense
$5,933 $4,891 $3,317 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.