FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following table represents the fair value of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, including the following:
(In thousands)Balance at
December 31,
2025
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash equivalents$311,708 $287,574 $24,134 $— 
Municipal bonds9,556 — 9,556 — 
Corporate debt securities37,427 — 37,427 — 
Commercial paper15,627 — 15,627 — 
Asset-backed securities19,178 — 19,178 — 
Government, federal agency, and other sovereign obligations21,118 17,046 4,072 — 
Liabilities:
Business acquisition liabilities101,508 — — 101,508 
(In thousands)Balance at
December 31,
2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Cash equivalents$496,676 $423,977 $72,699 $— 
Municipal bonds15,498 — 15,498 — 
Corporate debt securities54,806 — 54,806 — 
Commercial paper36,530 — 36,530 — 
Asset-backed securities19,621 — 19,621 — 
Government, federal agency, and other sovereign obligations45,298 — 45,298 — 
2025 Hedge22 — 22 — 
Liabilities:
Senior Convertible Notes due 2025443,003 443,003 — — 
Bifurcated Conversion Option of the Senior Convertible Notes due 202522 — 22 — 
Business acquisition liabilities123,235 — — 123,235 
Our marketable securities and certain cash equivalents are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, as we measure their fair value using market prices for similar instruments and inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes and other similar data obtained from quoted market prices or independent pricing vendors.
Fair value of the revenue-based business acquisition liabilities was determined using a discounted cash flow model, probability model and an option pricing methodology. The significant inputs of such models are not observable in the market, such as certain financial metric growth rates, volatility and discount rates, market price risk adjustment, projections associated with the applicable milestone, the interest rate, and the related probabilities and payment structure in the contingent consideration arrangement.
The following are the significant unobservable inputs used in the two valuation techniques:
Unobservable inputRangeWeighted Average*
Revenue risk premium1.6%-5.5%2.5%
Revenue volatility14.0%-15.8%14.8%
Discount rate4.5%-8.5%5.0%
Projected year of payment2026-2035
*The weighted average rates were calculated based on the relative fair value of each business acquisition liability.
The change in the carrying value of the business acquisition liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, included the following:
December 31,
(In thousands)20252024
Beginning balance$123,235 $139,358 
Purchase price contingent consideration— 25,111 
Changes resulting from foreign currency fluctuations(253)246 
Contingent cash payments(32,590)(64,382)
Contingent RSU grants(2,406)(2,500)
Changes in fair value of business acquisition liabilities13,462 26,521 
Contractual payable reclassification60 (1,119)
Ending balance$101,508 $123,235 
Changes in the fair value of business acquisition liabilities are driven by changes in market conditions and the achievement of certain performance conditions.
Purchase price contingent consideration includes obligations acquired in the NuVasive Merger in addition to other immaterial acquisitions. Changes in the fair value of business acquisition liabilities are driven by changes in market conditions and the achievement of certain performance conditions.
We translate the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar into the U.S. dollar for consolidation using end-of-period exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Some of our reporting entities conduct a portion of their business in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. These transactions give rise to receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. The value of these receivables and payables is subject to changes in currency exchange rates from the point at which the transactions are originated until the settlement in cash. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses in the value of these receivables and payables are included in the determination of net income or loss. Foreign currency translation gain/(loss), which include gains and losses from derivative instruments, was a loss of $3.0 million and $43.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are included in other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
To manage foreign currency exposure risks, we may use derivatives for activities in entities that have short-term intercompany receivables and payables denominated in a currency other than the entity’s functional currency. The fair value is based on a quoted market price (Level 1). As of December 31, 2025, a notional principal amount of $12.5 million was outstanding to hedge currency risk relative to our foreign currency-denominated receivables and payables. Derivative instrument net gain on our forward exchange contracts were $0.6 million as of December 31, 2025 and are included in other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The fair value of the forward exchange contract derivative instrument asset (liability) was di minimis as of December 31, 2025. The derivative instruments are recorded in other current assets or other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets commensurate with the nature of the instrument at period end.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 24, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 20, 2025
2023Feb 21, 2024
2022Feb 21, 2023
2021Feb 17, 2022
2020Feb 17, 2021
2019Feb 20, 2020
2018Feb 21, 2019
2017Feb 22, 2018
2016Mar 16, 2017
2015Feb 29, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.