Note 6 -- Fair Value Measurements

The Company records and discloses certain financial assets at their estimated fair values. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels as follows:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2 – Other inputs that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly such as quoted prices for identical assets that are not observable throughout the full term of the asset.

Level 3 – Inputs that are unobservable.

Valuation Methodology

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of money-market funds and certificates of deposit maturing within three months from the time of purchase. Their carrying value approximates fair value due to the short maturity and high liquidity of these funds.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents cash held by state authorities and the carrying value approximates fair value.

Available-for-Sale Fixed-Maturity and Equity Securities

Estimated fair values of the Company’s available-for-sale fixed-maturity and equity securities are determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, using valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Fair values are generally measured using quoted prices in active markets for identical securities or other inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar securities. In those instances where observable inputs are not available, fair values are measured using unobservable inputs. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the security and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Fair value estimates derived from unobservable inputs are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rates and the estimated amounts and timing of future cash flows. The derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a current market exchange.

The estimated fair values for securities are determined by management, utilizing prices obtained from an independent pricing service and information provided by brokers, which are level 1 or level 2 inputs depending on the asset class. Management reviews the assumptions and methods utilized by the pricing service and then compares the relevant data and pricing to broker-provided data. The

Company gains assurance of the overall reasonableness and consistent application of the assumptions and methodologies, and compliance with accounting standards for fair value determination through ongoing monitoring of the reported fair values.

Other Investments

The following table summarizes other investments held by the Company and the method used in estimating the fair value:

 

 

 

Maturity

 

 

 

 

Date

 

Valuation Methodology

10.50% Surplus Note

 

2026

 

Discounted cash flow method/Level 3 inputs

 

Revolving Credit Facility

From time to time, the Company has an amount outstanding under a revolving credit facility. The interest rate is variable and is periodically adjusted based on the Secured Overnight Financing Right (“SOFR”) plus a ten basis points adjustment plus a margin based on the debt-to-capital ratio. As a result, carrying value approximates fair value.

Long-Term Debt

The following table summarizes components of the Company’s long-term debt and methods used in estimating their fair values:

 

 

Maturity

 

 

 

 

Date

 

Valuation Methodology

4.75% Convertible Senior Notes

 

*

 

Quoted price

4.55% Promissory Note

 

2036

 

Discounted cash flow method/Level 3 inputs

5.50% Promissory Note

 

2033

 

Discounted cash flow method/Level 3 inputs

5.65% Promissory Note

 

2035

 

Discounted cash flow method/Level 3 inputs

 

* Converted during 2025. See Note 11 “Long-Term Debt” for additional information.

 

Assets Measured at Estimated Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis. The tables indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

 

Total

 

As of December 31, 2025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

1,210,126

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,210,126

 

Restricted cash

 

$

3,748

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

3,748

 

Available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies

 

$

313,420

 

 

$

19,932

 

 

$

 

 

$

333,352

 

Corporate bonds

 

 

 

 

 

242,922

 

 

 

 

 

 

242,922

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

 

21,055

 

 

 

 

 

 

21,055

 

Available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities

 

$

313,420

 

 

$

283,909

 

 

$

 

 

$

597,329

 

Equity securities

 

$

64,545

 

 

$

1,345

 

 

$

 

 

$

65,890

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

 

Total

 

As of December 31, 2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

532,471

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

532,471

 

Restricted cash

 

$

3,714

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

3,714

 

Available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies

 

$

686,929

 

 

$

487

 

 

$

 

 

$

687,416

 

Corporate bonds

 

 

21,854

 

 

 

9,267

 

 

 

 

 

 

31,121

 

Available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities

 

$

708,783

 

 

$

9,754

 

 

$

 

 

$

718,537

 

Equity securities

 

$

56,200

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

56,200

 

 

Assets and Liabilities Carried at Other Than Fair Value

The following tables present fair value information for assets and liabilities that are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at amounts other than fair value as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

Estimated

 

 

 

Value

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

 

Fair Value

 

As of December 31, 2025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other investments

 

$

5,000

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

5,223

 

 

$

5,223

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revolving credit facility

 

$

36,000

 

 

$

 

 

$

36,000

 

 

$

 

 

$

36,000

 

Long-term debt:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.55% Promissory Note

 

 

4,080

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,863

 

 

 

3,863

 

5.50% Promissory Note

 

 

11,262

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11,313

 

 

 

11,313

 

5.65% Promissory Note

 

 

16,535

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16,615

 

 

 

16,615

 

Long-term debt

 

$

31,877

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

31,791

 

 

$

31,791

 

 

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

 

Estimated

 

 

 

Value

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

 

Fair Value

 

As of December 31, 2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revolving credit facility

 

$

44,000

 

 

$

 

 

$

44,000

 

 

$

 

 

$

44,000

 

Long-term debt:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.75% Convertible Senior Notes

 

$

169,397

 

 

$

 

 

$

266,989

 

 

$

 

 

$

266,989

 

4.55% Promissory Note

 

 

4,366

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,043

 

 

 

4,043

 

5.50% Promissory Note

 

 

11,491

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11,307

 

 

 

11,307

 

Long-term debt

 

$

185,254

 

 

$

 

 

$

266,989

 

 

$

15,350

 

 

$

282,339

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Mar 8, 2024
2022Mar 10, 2023
2021Mar 10, 2022
2020Mar 12, 2021
2019Mar 6, 2020
2018Mar 8, 2019
2017Mar 7, 2018
2016Feb 22, 2017
2015Mar 4, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.