Property, Plant and Equipment, net
 As of October 31,
 20252024
 In millions
Land$309 $66 
Internal use software
2,259 1,941 
Buildings and leasehold improvements2,075 1,696 
Machinery and equipment, including equipment held for lease7,987 8,451 
Gross property, plant and equipment12,630 12,154 
Accumulated depreciation(6,628)(6,490)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$6,002 $5,664 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Dec 18, 2025Showing above
2024Dec 19, 2024
2023Dec 22, 2023
2022Dec 8, 2022
2021Dec 10, 2021
2020Dec 10, 2020
2019Dec 13, 2019
2018Dec 12, 2018

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.