NOTE 15 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s marketable securities consist of liquid funds, which have been classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they have been valued using quoted prices in active markets. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents have also been classified as Level 1 on the same principle. Financial instruments are classified as current if they are expected to be liquidated within the next twelve months. The Company’s remaining investments have been classified as Level 3 instruments as there is little or no market data. Level 3 investments are valued using the cost method. For further information refer Note 7, “Investments in Non-Marketable Securities.”

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025, and 2024, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company used to determine such fair value:

 

(in thousands)

As of March 31, 2025

 

Particular  Adjusted
Cost
($)
   Gain
($)
   Loss
($)
   Fair Value
($)
   Cash &
Cash
Equivalents
($)
   Short Term
Investments
($)
 
Level 1                        
Cash   368       -        -    368    368        - 
Money Market Fund   -    -    -    -    -    - 
Debt Funds   -    -    -    -    -    - 
Mutual Fund   -    -    -    -    -    - 
Level 2                              
Certificates of Deposit   37    -    -    37    37    - 
Level 3   -    -    -    -    -    - 
TOTAL   405    -    -    405    405    - 

 

As of March 31, 2024

 

Particular  Adjusted
Cost
($)
   Gain
($)
   Loss
($)
   Fair Value
($)
   Cash &
Cash
Equivalents
($)
   Short Term
Investments
($)
 
Level 1                        
Cash   912       -        -    912    912         - 
Money Market Fund   -    -    -    -    -    - 
Debt Funds   13    -    -    13    13    - 
Mutual Fund   123    -    -    123    123    - 
Level 2                              
Certificates of Deposit   150    -    -    150    150    - 
Level 3   -    -    -    -    -    - 
TOTAL   1,198    -    -    1,198    1,198    - 

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.