As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

 

   As of
June 30,
   As of
June 30,
 
   2025   2024 
Leasehold improvements  $817,327   $817,329 
Office and other equipment   1,648,733    1,466,840 
Furniture and fixtures   877,685    817,308 
Construction-in-progress   894,919    36,483 
    4,238,664    3,137,960 
Less: accumulated depreciation   (1,285,864)   (555,503)
Total  $2,952,800   $2,582,457 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.