Fair Value
Under Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement of the FASB Codification, disclosures are required about how fair value is determined for assets and liabilities and a hierarchy for which these assets and liabilities must be grouped is established, based on significant levels of inputs as follows:
Level 1 - observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 - quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, and other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly for the asset or liability; or
Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, such as discounted cash flow models or valuations.
The determination of where assets and liabilities fall within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following is a listing of our assets required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis and where they are classified within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in millions):
As of December 31, 2025
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents$1,628 $18 $— $1,646 
Restricted cash equivalents72 — — 72 
Available-for-sale investment securities— 60 67 

As of December 31, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents$1,921 $— $— $1,921 
Restricted cash equivalents89 — — 89 
Available-for-sale investment securities— 1,609 12 1,621 
Refer to Note 3 for fair value information related to our outstanding debt obligations as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents
Our cash equivalents include money market securities, commercial paper, and time deposits which are readily convertible into cash, have maturities of three months or less when purchased, and are considered to be highly liquid and easily tradable. The money market securities are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 within our fair value hierarchy. The fair value of time deposits and commercial paper is based on observable inputs in non-active markets, which are therefore classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy. Restricted cash equivalents are composed of money market securities held as a reserve for principal and interest payments associated with the financing of the TrueBlue® program.
Available-for-sale investment securities
Our available-for-sale investment securities include investments such as time deposits, commercial paper, and convertible debt securities. The fair value of time deposits and commercial paper is based on observable inputs in non-active markets, which are therefore classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy. The fair value of convertible debt securities is based on unobservable inputs and is classified as Level 3 in the hierarchy.
Held-to-maturity investment securities
Our held-to-maturity investment securities consist of corporate bonds, which are stated at amortized cost. If the corporate bonds were measured at fair value, they would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, based on quoted prices in active markets for similar securities.
We do not intend to sell these investment securities prior to maturity.
The carrying value and estimated fair value of our held-to-maturity investment securities were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Held-to-maturity investment securities$464 $464 $404 $400 
Long-Lived Assets Impairment
For the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded a $13 million impairment loss related to the sale of 20 IAE V2500 spare engines, the sale of one Embraer E190 spare engine and remaining Embraer E190 spare parts classified as held for sale. The fair value of these assets is based on observable inputs in non-active markets and are therefore classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The impairment loss was recorded within other operating expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. We did not record any impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Refer to Note 10 for additional information on our held for sale classification.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 12, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 14, 2025
2023Feb 12, 2024
2022Feb 27, 2023
2021Feb 22, 2022
2020Mar 2, 2021
2019Feb 18, 2020
2018Feb 21, 2019
2017Feb 16, 2018
2016Feb 17, 2017
2015Feb 17, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.