Fair Value Measurements
For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
December 31, 2025Level 1Level 2Level 3
Balance at Fair Value
Assets:
Loans held for sale at fair value$— $— $1,762,396 $1,762,396 
Loans held for investment at fair value— — 473,314 473,314 
Securities available for sale:
Senior asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions— — 3,092,410 3,092,410 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities— 236,061 — 236,061 
Other asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions— — 219,370 219,370 
U.S. agency securities— 73,862 — 73,862 
Mortgage-backed securities— 55,597 — 55,597 
Municipal securities— 2,606 — 2,606 
Other securities— 16,720 10,083 26,803 
Total securities available for sale— 384,846 3,321,863 3,706,709 
Servicing assets— — 65,167 65,167 
Other assets— 2,099 — 2,099 
Total assets$— $386,945 $5,622,740 $6,009,685 
Liabilities:
Other liabilities$— $3,918 $1,865 $5,783 
Total liabilities$— $3,918 $1,865 $5,783 
December 31, 2024Level 1Level 2Level 3Balance at Fair Value
Assets:
Loans held for sale at fair value$— $— $636,352 $636,352 
Loans held for investment at fair value
— — 1,027,798 1,027,798 
Securities available for sale:
Senior asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions— — 2,899,824 2,899,824 
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities— 226,925 — 226,925 
Other asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions
— — 169,948 169,948 
U.S. agency securities— 75,946 — 75,946 
Mortgage-backed securities— 56,674 — 56,674 
Municipal securities— 2,539 — 2,539 
Other securities
— 20,792 — 20,792 
Total securities available for sale— 382,876 3,069,772 3,452,648 
Servicing assets— — 60,697 60,697 
Other assets— 5,820 — 5,820 
Total assets$— $388,696 $4,794,619 $5,183,315 
Liabilities:
Other liabilities$— $5,019 $11,799 $16,818 
Total liabilities$— $5,019 $11,799 $16,818 

Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of observable or unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. For the financial instruments listed in the tables above that do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. The Company primarily uses a DCF model to estimate the fair value of Level 3 instruments based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. This model uses inputs that inherently require judgment and reflect the Company’s best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate fair value. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024.

The following significant unobservable inputs, as applicable, were used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s Level 3 assets:
Discount rate – The weighted-average rate at which the expected cash flows are discounted to arrive at the net present value of the loan. The discount rate is primarily determined based on marketplace investor return expectations.
Annualized net credit loss rate – The annualized rate of lifetime charge-offs, net of recoveries, expressed as a percentage of the average lifetime principal balance of loan pools with similar risk characteristics.
Annualized prepayment rate – The annualized rate of lifetime prepayments expressed as a percentage of the average lifetime principal balance of loan pools with similar risk characteristics.

An increase in each of the inputs above, in isolation, would result in a decrease in the fair value measurement.

The sensitivity calculations are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. The effect on fair value of a variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the
change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the hypothetical results.

Loans Held for Sale at Fair Value

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following significant unobservable inputs were used in the fair value measurement of HFS loans:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate
6.6 %9.0 %7.1 %7.1 %11.9 %7.9 %
Annualized net credit loss rate
3.3 %16.0 %6.3 %1.8 %21.2 %5.4 %
Annualized prepayment rate
20.5 %26.0 %25.5 %15.0 %27.6 %20.4 %
(1)    The weighted-average rate is calculated using the principal balance of each loan pool with similar risk characteristics.

Fair Value Sensitivity

The sensitivity of HFS loans at fair value to adverse changes in key assumptions was as follows:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Loans held for sale at fair value$1,762,396 $636,352 
Expected remaining weighted-average life (in years)1.41.4
Discount rate:
100 basis point increase$(21,458)$(7,663)
200 basis point increase$(42,471)$(15,174)
Annualized net credit loss rate:
10% increase$(20,970)$(6,436)
20% increase$(41,766)$(12,937)
Annualized prepayment rate:
10% increase$(5,703)$(1,274)
20% increase$(10,546)$(2,444)

Fair Value Reconciliation

The following table presents HFS loans at fair value activity:
Year Ended December 31,20252024
Fair value at beginning of period$636,352 $407,773 
Originations and purchases6,962,944 5,194,160 
Sales(5,272,927)(4,576,779)
Principal payments(420,262)(231,624)
Realized charge-offs, net of recoveries, recorded in earnings(26,993)(20,336)
Fair value adjustments recorded in earnings(116,718)(136,842)
Fair value at end of period$1,762,396 $636,352 
The following table summarizes the aggregate fair value of the Company’s HFS loans, as well as the amount that was 90 days or more past due:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Total 90 or more
 days past due
Total 90 or more
 days past due
Aggregate unpaid principal balance$1,795,818 $3,931 $657,984 $3,719 
Cumulative fair value adjustments(33,422)(3,176)(21,632)(3,012)
Fair value of loans held for sale$1,762,396 $755 $636,352 $707 

Loans Held for Investment at Fair Value

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s HFI loans at fair value consisted primarily of purchased loan portfolios comprised of loans that the Company previously originated and sold. Due to the short remaining duration of the acquired loan portfolios, the Company has elected to account for them under the fair value option.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following significant unobservable inputs were used in the fair value measurement of HFI loans (1):
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (2)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (2)
Discount rate6.5 %8.5 %7.0 %7.2 %21.8 %10.5 %
Annualized net credit loss rate
4.1 %19.1 %7.4 %3.0 %20.2 %6.6 %
Annualized prepayment rate
19.6 %21.1 %20.0 %15.6 %21.4 %19.3 %
(1)    The change in significant unobservable inputs from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 was primarily driven by loan composition changes due to a loan portfolio purchase in the fourth quarter of 2025, along with a significant reduction in loan balances related to previous portfolio purchases with lower purchase prices which resulted in a higher discount rate.
(2)    The weighted-average rate is calculated using the principal balance of each loan pool with similar risk characteristics.

Fair Value Sensitivity

The sensitivity of HFI loans at fair value to adverse changes in key assumptions was as follows:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Loans held for investment at fair value$473,314 $1,027,798 
Expected remaining weighted-average life (in years)0.70.9
Discount rate:
100 basis point increase$(2,832)$(7,832)
200 basis point increase$(5,633)$(15,557)
Annualized net credit loss rate:
10% increase$(5,738)$(11,821)
20% increase$(13,161)$(25,428)
Annualized prepayment rate:
10% increase$(2,490)$(4,813)
20% increase$(4,979)$(9,854)
Fair Value Reconciliation

The following table presents HFI loans at fair value activity:
Year Ended December 31,20252024
Fair value at beginning of period
$1,027,798 $262,190 
Purchases138,055 1,396,223 
Principal payments(683,231)(618,472)
Interest income accretion and fair value adjustments recorded in earnings(9,308)(12,143)
Fair value at end of period$473,314 $1,027,798 

The following table summarizes the aggregate fair value of the Company’s HFI loans at fair value, as well as the amount that was 90 days or more past due:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Total 90 or more
 days past due
Total 90 or more
 days past due
Aggregate unpaid principal balance$495,649 $5,177 $1,097,511 $14,616 
Cumulative fair value adjustments(22,335)(4,183)(69,713)(11,836)
Fair value of loans held for investment$473,314 $994 $1,027,798 $2,780 

Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions

Senior Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following significant unobservable input, which includes credit spreads, was used in the fair value measurement of senior asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average
Discount rate5.0 %5.4 %5.2 %6.0 %6.0 %6.0 %

Fair Value Sensitivity

The sensitivity in the fair value of senior asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions to adverse changes in key assumptions was as follows:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Fair value of interests held$3,092,410 $2,899,824 
Expected remaining weighted-average life (in years)1.11.2
Discount rate:
100 basis point increase$(32,467)$(37,315)
200 basis point increase$(64,934)$(74,630)
Fair Value Reconciliation

The following table presents senior asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions activity:
Year Ended December 31,20252024
Fair value at beginning of period$2,899,824 $1,176,403 
Additions1,839,092 2,558,003 
Sales
— (30,114)
Cash received(1,643,278)(823,331)
Change in unrealized gain(3,228)18,863 
Fair value at end of period$3,092,410 $2,899,824 

Other Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following significant unobservable inputs were used in the fair value measurement of other asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate6.6 %8.6 %6.9 %7.1 %11.0 %7.9 %
Annualized net credit loss rate
3.1 %6.2 %5.0 %3.4 %7.4 %5.0 %
Annualized prepayment rate
22.8 %27.4 %25.8 %18.7 %20.9 %20.5 %
(1)    The weighted-average rate is calculated using the principal balance of each security.

Fair Value Sensitivity

The sensitivity in the fair value of other asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions to adverse changes in key assumptions was as follows:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Fair value of interests held$219,370 $169,948 
Expected remaining weighted-average life (in years)1.21.3
Discount rate:
100 basis point increase$(2,285)$(1,909)
200 basis point increase$(4,529)$(3,783)
Annualized net credit loss rate:
10% increase$(2,077)$(1,778)
20% increase$(4,112)$(3,567)
Annualized prepayment rate:
10% increase$(674)$(432)
20% increase$(1,227)$(835)
Fair Value Reconciliation

The following table presents other asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions activity:
Year Ended December 31,20252024
Fair value at beginning of period$169,948 $73,393 
Additions154,494 153,690 
Cash received(103,825)(53,219)
Credit loss expense for securities available for sale
(566)(3,217)
Change in unrealized loss(681)(699)
Fair value at end of period$219,370 $169,948 

Servicing Assets

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following significant unobservable inputs were used in the fair value measurement for servicing assets related to loans sold to investors:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
MinimumMaximum
Weighted-Average (1)
Discount rate8.9 %16.2 %10.4 %8.7 %17.3 %10.8 %
Annualized net credit loss rate
3.3 %19.5 %6.5 %1.8 %21.2 %8.2 %
Annualized prepayment rate
19.9 %25.9 %24.6 %14.8 %27.5 %20.0 %
Market servicing rate (2)
0.58 %0.58 %0.58 %0.62 %0.62 %0.62 %
(1)    The weighted-average rate is calculated using the principal balance of each loan pool with similar risk characteristics.
(2)    The fees a willing market participant would require for the servicing of loans with similar characteristics as those in the Company’s serviced portfolio.

Fair Value Sensitivity

The sensitivity of the fair value of servicing assets to adverse changes in key assumptions was as follows:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Fair value of servicing assets$65,167 $60,697 
Expected remaining weighted-average life (in years)1.21.2
Discount rate:
100 basis point increase$(567)$(519)
200 basis point increase$(1,134)$(1,038)
Annualized net credit loss rate:
10% increase$(536)$(551)
20% increase$(1,071)$(1,102)
Annualized prepayment rate:
10% increase$(1,892)$(1,359)
20% increase$(3,785)$(2,718)
The Company’s selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets inherently require judgment. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors, and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions0.58 %0.62 %
Change in fair value from:
Market servicing rate increase by 0.10%
$(7,289)$(6,940)
Market servicing rate decrease by 0.10%
$7,289 $6,940 

Fair Value Reconciliation

The following table presents servicing assets activity:
Year Ended December 31,20252024
Fair value at beginning of period
$60,697 $77,680 
Issuances (1)
63,927 58,396 
Change in fair value, included in Marketplace Revenue(59,457)(75,359)
Other net changes— (20)
Fair value at end of period$65,167 $60,697 
(1)    Represents the servicing assets recorded when the loans are sold. Included in “Gain on sales of loans” within “Marketplace revenue” on the Income Statement.
Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value

The following tables present the carrying amount and estimated fair values, by level within the fair value hierarchy, of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:
December 31, 2025Carrying Amount
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Balance at Fair Value
Assets:
Loans and leases held for investment, net$3,997,069 $— $— $4,251,852 $4,251,852 
Other assets47,470 — 47,312 453 47,765 
Total assets$4,044,539 $— $47,312 $4,252,305 $4,299,617 
Liabilities:
Deposits (1)
$2,434,422 $— $— $2,437,209 $2,437,209 
Other liabilities40,931 — 11,926 29,005 40,931 
Total liabilities$2,475,353 $— $11,926 $2,466,214 $2,478,140 
December 31, 2024Carrying Amount
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Balance at Fair Value
Assets:
Loans and leases held for investment, net$3,889,084 $— $— $4,051,497 $4,051,497 
Other assets40,466 — 40,143 661 40,804 
Total assets$3,929,550 $— $40,143 $4,052,158 $4,092,301 
Liabilities:
Deposits (1)
$2,294,214 $— $— $2,306,373 $2,306,373 
Other liabilities44,801 — 22,833 21,968 44,801 
Total liabilities$2,339,015 $— $22,833 $2,328,341 $2,351,174 
(1)    Excludes deposit liabilities with no defined or contractual maturities.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 12, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 13, 2025
2023Feb 16, 2024
2022Feb 9, 2023
2021Feb 11, 2022
2020Mar 11, 2021
2019Feb 19, 2020
2018Feb 20, 2019
2017Feb 22, 2018
2016Feb 28, 2017
2015Feb 22, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.