14.INCOME TAXES

The Company evaluated the various provisions of the Tax Reform Act, including, the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) and the foreign derived intangible income provisions. The Company will treat any U.S. tax on foreign earnings under GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

Consolidated retained earnings at December 31, 2025 included undistributed after-tax earnings from certain non-U.S. subsidiaries that were not indefinitely reinvested. At December 31, 2025, the Company had a deferred tax liability of $10.0 million for the estimated taxes associated with the repatriation of these earnings. Undistributed earnings of approximately $22.5 million in foreign subsidiaries were indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested earnings was not practicable.

The domestic and foreign components of the Company’s income before provision for income taxes are as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

Domestic*

 

$

2,302,984

 

$

1,540,619

 

$

1,809,418

Foreign*

179,545

448,840

259,064

Income before provision for income taxes

 

$

2,482,529

 

$

1,989,459

 

$

2,068,482

*After intercompany royalties, management fees and interest charges from the Company’s domestic to foreign entities of $110.3 million, $108.4 million and $101.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

Current:

Federal

 

$

308,032

 

$

273,825

 

$

259,911

State

61,927

55,087

47,079

Foreign

202,791

145,118

99,563

572,750

474,030

406,553

Deferred:

Federal

304

11,395

42,237

State

(1,228)

(900)

2,376

Foreign

(1,309)

(12,772)

(13,936)

(2,233)

(2,277)

30,677

Valuation allowance

6,580

8,658

264

 

$

577,097

 

$

480,411

 

$

437,494

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate after the adoption of ASU 2023-09 for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

 

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

$

521,331

  ​ ​ ​

21.0

%

State and local income tax, net of federal income tax effect1

 

49,399

 

2.0

%

Foreign tax effect

 

36,628

 

1.5

%

Effect of cross-border tax laws2

 

(1,390)

 

(0.1)

%

Tax Credits

 

  ​

 

  ​

Foreign tax credits

 

(21,357)

 

(0.9)

%

Energy-related tax credits

 

(4,335)

 

(0.2)

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

12,378

 

0.5

%

Nontaxable or nondeductible Items

 

(9,830)

 

(0.4)

%

Changes in unrecognized tax benefit

 

837

 

0.0

%

Other adjustments

 

(6,564)

 

(0.2)

%

Effective tax rate

$

577,097

 

23.2

%

(1)

State taxes in California, Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, New Jersey and New York make up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category.

(2)

Includes the impact of any tax credits.

A reconciliation of the total provision for income taxes after applying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% to income before provision for income taxes to the reported provision for income taxes prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09 are as follows for the years ended:

Year ended December 31,

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

U.S. federal tax expense at statutory rates

 

$

417,786

 

$

434,381

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit

38,850

39,416

Permanent differences

(21,298)

(27,235)

Stock-based compensation

5,266

(43,846)

Residual tax on undistributed foreign earnings

3,903

8,423

Other

(10,843)

(5,132)

Foreign rate differential

38,089

31,223

Valuation allowance

8,658

264

 

$

480,411

 

$

437,494

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, by jurisdiction for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

Federal

$

321,000

State

 

51,407

Foreign

 

  ​

Brazil

 

38,351

Ireland

 

28,495

Other

 

110,865

$

550,118

The amount of cash income taxes paid by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $476.2 million and $423.2 million, respectively.

Major components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the table below. Certain amounts as of December 31, 2024 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation as of December 31, 2025.

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

Deferred tax assets:

Capitalization of inventory costs

$

11,326

$

13,253

Accrued compensation

16,722

13,941

Deferred revenue

48,208

53,802

Stock-based compensation

18,704

19,649

Net operating loss carryforward

25,632

33,159

Termination payments

32,920

39,489

Operating lease liabilities

13,078

13,201

Intangible assets

100,129

84,455

Accrued liabilities

21,824

16,725

Foreign tax credit carryforward

12,378

Other deferred tax assets

81,214

76,593

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

$

382,135

 

$

364,267

Deferred tax liabilities:

Amortization of intangibles

 

$

(107,473)

 

$

(93,511)

Operating lease ROU assets

(13,078)

(13,201)

Bang transaction gain

(11,672)

(11,740)

Depreciation

(56,344)

(57,168)

Other deferred tax liabilities

(13,749)

(12,741)

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

$

(202,316)

$

(188,361)

Valuation allowance

(45,245)

(38,665)

Net deferred tax assets

 

$

134,574

 

$

137,241

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets from cumulative net operating losses incurred by certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company, state income tax related to cumulative net operating losses incurred by certain U.S. subsidiaries, and foreign tax credit carryforwards. The effect of the valuation allowances and the subsequent related impact on the Company’s overall tax rate was to increase the Company’s provision for income taxes by $6.6 million, $8.6 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2025, the Company had net state operating loss carryforwards of approximately $96.0 million and net foreign operating loss carryforwards of approximately $77.0 million. Of these amounts, $68.4 million of net foreign operating loss carryforwards may be carried forward indefinitely. The remaining $104.6 million of net state and foreign operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2026.

The following is a roll-forward of the Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefits, not including interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

  ​ ​ ​

Gross Unrecognized Tax 

Benefits

Balance at December 31, 2022

$

3,020

Additions for tax positions related to the current year

 

Additions for tax positions related to the prior year

 

739

Decreases for tax positions related to prior years

 

(650)

Balance at December 31, 2023

$

3,109

Additions for tax positions related to the current year

Additions for tax positions related to the prior year

631

Decreases for tax positions related to prior years

(1,114)

Balance at December 31, 2024

$

2,626

Additions for tax positions related to the current year

Additions for tax positions related to the prior year

1,440

Decreases for tax positions related to prior years

 

(836)

Balance at December 31, 2025

$

3,230

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had accrued approximately $0.9 million in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. If the Company were to prevail on all uncertain tax positions, it would not have a significant impact on the Company’s effective tax rate.

It is expected that any change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefit change within the next 12 months will not be significant.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as to income tax in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions.

The Company is in various stages of examination with certain states and certain foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s 2022 through 2025 U.S. federal income tax returns are subject to examination by the IRS. The Company’s state income tax returns are generally subject to examination for the 2021 through 2025 tax years. The United Kingdom and Ireland income tax returns are subject to examination for the 2021 through 2025 tax years.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Mar 1, 2023
2021Feb 28, 2022
2020Mar 1, 2021
2019Feb 28, 2020
2018Feb 28, 2019
2017Mar 1, 2018
2016Mar 1, 2017
2015Feb 29, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.