22.

Compensation Plans

 

Ovintiv has a number of compensation arrangements under which the Company awards various types of long-term incentive grants to eligible employees and Directors. They may include Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”), TSARs, PSUs, Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) and RSUs.

 

Ovintiv accounts for certain PSUs and RSUs as equity-settled stock-based payment transactions provided there is sufficient common stock held in reserve for issuance. SARs, TSARs and DSUs are accounted for as cash-settled stock-based payment transactions. The Company accrues compensation costs over the vesting period based on the fair value of the rights determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton or other appropriate fair value models.

 

As at December 31, 2025, there were no changes to Ovintiv’s compensation plans and the Company has sufficient common stock held in reserve for issuance in accordance with its equity-settled stock-based compensation plans.

The Company has recognized the following share-based compensation costs:

 

For the years ended December 31

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Compensation Costs of Transactions Classified as Cash-Settled

 

$

(1

)

 

$

(1

)

 

$

(22

)

Total Compensation Costs of Transactions Classified as Equity-Settled

 

 

80

 

 

 

92

 

 

 

98

 

Less: Total Share-Based Compensation Costs Capitalized

 

 

(22

)

 

 

(25

)

 

 

(29

)

Total Share-Based Compensation Expense (Recovery)

 

$

57

 

 

$

66

 

 

$

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings in:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating

 

$

21

 

 

$

26

 

 

$

25

 

Administrative

 

 

36

 

 

 

40

 

 

 

22

 

 

 

$

57

 

 

$

66

 

 

$

47

 

As at December 31, 2025, the liability for cash-settled share-based payment transactions totaled $6 million (2024 ‑ $10 million), which is recognized in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

The following sections outline certain information related to Ovintiv’s compensation plans as at December 31, 2025.

 

A)
STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

U.S. dollar denominated SARs were historically granted to eligible U.S.-based employees, which entitle the employee to receive a cash payment equal to the excess of the market price of Ovintiv’s shares of common stock at the time of exercise over the original grant price of the right. SARs granted vest and are exercisable at 30 percent of the number granted after one year, an additional 30 percent of the number granted after two years, are fully exercisable after three years and expire seven years after the date granted. SARs are classified as a liability and remeasured at the end of each reporting period.

 

The following table summarizes information related to the U.S. dollar denominated SARs:

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

Outstanding
SARs
(thousands
of units)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (US$)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)

 

 

Outstanding
SARs
(thousands
of units)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (US$)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

348

 

 

 

40.91

 

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

496

 

 

 

44.77

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

Exercised (1)

 

 

(138

)

 

 

33.72

 

 

 

 

 

 

(31

)

 

 

35.80

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

(5

)

 

 

54.35

 

 

 

 

Expired

 

 

(116

)

 

 

54.82

 

 

 

 

 

 

(112

)

 

 

58.75

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, End of Year (2)

 

 

94

 

 

 

34.36

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

348

 

 

 

40.91

 

 

 

0.9

 

Vested and Exercisable, End of Year (3)

 

 

94

 

 

 

34.36

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

348

 

 

 

40.91

 

 

 

0.9

 

 

(1)
The intrinsic value of option awards exercised and cash-settled during 2025 was $1 million (2024 - nil; 2023 - $1 million).
(2)
The intrinsic value of option awards outstanding at December 31, 2025, was nil (2024 - $2 million).
(3)
The intrinsic value of option awards vested and exercisable at December 31, 2025, was nil (2024 - $2 million).

 

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of SARs outstanding:

 

 

 

US$ Share Units

As at December 31

 

2025

 

2024

 

2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk Free Interest Rate

 

2.55%

 

2.92%

 

3.95%

Dividend Yield

 

3.06%

 

2.96%

 

2.73%

Expected Volatility Rate (1)

 

39.57%

 

46.02%

 

52.32%

Expected Term

 

0.2 yrs

 

0.7 yrs

 

1.1 yrs

Market Share Price

 

US$39.19

 

US$40.50

 

US$43.92

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

 

US$34.36

 

US$40.91

 

US$44.77

(1)
Volatility was estimated using historical rates.

As at December 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no unvested SARs outstanding and no associated unrecognized compensation costs.

B)
TANDEM STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

All options to purchase shares of common stock historically issued to eligible Canadian-based employees under Ovintiv’s Stock Option Plan have associated TSARs attached. In lieu of exercising the option, the associated TSARs give the option holder the right to purchase shares of common stock of the Company or receive a cash payment equal to the excess of the market price of Ovintiv’s shares of common stock at the time of exercise over the original grant price. TSARs granted vest and are exercisable at 30 percent of the number granted after one year, an additional 30 percent of the number granted after two years, are fully exercisable after three years and expire seven years after the date granted. TSARs are classified as a liability and remeasured at the end of each reporting period.

The following table summarizes information related to the TSARs:

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

Outstanding
TSARs
(thousands
of units)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (C$)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)

 

 

Outstanding
TSARs
(thousands
of units)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (C$)

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

160

 

 

 

54.84

 

 

 

0.8

 

 

 

262

 

 

 

62.45

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

Exercised - SARs (1)

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

(20

)

 

 

63.06

 

 

 

 

Exercised - Options (1)

 

 

(83

)

 

 

46.81

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

Expired

 

 

(57

)

 

 

68.80

 

 

 

 

 

 

(82

)

 

 

77.15

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, End of Year (2)

 

 

20

 

 

 

47.70

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

160

 

 

 

54.84

 

 

 

0.8

 

Vested and Exercisable, End of Year (3)

 

 

20

 

 

 

47.70

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

160

 

 

 

54.84

 

 

 

0.8

 

 

(1)
The intrinsic value of option awards exercised and cash-settled during 2025 was $1 million (2024 - nil; 2023 - nil).
(2)
The intrinsic value of option awards outstanding at December 31, 2025, was nil (2024 - $1 million).
(3)
The intrinsic value of option awards vested and exercisable at December 31, 2025, was nil (2024 - $1 million).

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of TSARs outstanding:

 

 

 

C$ Share Units

As at December 31

 

2025

 

2024

 

2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk Free Interest Rate

 

2.55%

 

2.92%

 

3.95%

Dividend Yield

 

3.12%

 

2.82%

 

2.78%

Expected Volatility Rate (1)

 

38.35%

 

42.83%

 

48.87%

Expected Term

 

0.1 yrs

 

0.6 yrs

 

0.9 yrs

Market Share Price

 

C$53.79

 

C$58.23

 

C$58.16

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

 

C$47.70

 

C$54.84

 

C$62.45

 

(1)
Volatility was estimated using historical rates.

As at December 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no unvested TSARs outstanding and no associated unrecognized compensation costs.

C)
PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS

PSUs are granted to eligible employees, which entitle the employee to receive, upon vesting, one share of Ovintiv common stock for each PSU held or a cash equivalent, at the discretion of the Company. PSUs vest three years from the date granted, provided the employee remains actively employed with Ovintiv on the vesting date. Based on the performance assessment, up to a maximum of two times the original PSU grant may be eligible to vest in respect of the year being measured.

The ultimate value of the PSUs will depend upon Ovintiv’s performance relative to predetermined strategic milestones as well as the performance of a specified peer group over a three-year period.

The following tables summarize information related to the PSUs:

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 



U.S. Dollar Denominated Outstanding PSUs

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (US$)

 

 

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (US$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unvested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

943

 

 

 

46.86

 

 

 

 

1,307

 

 

 

33.91

 

Granted

 

 

426

 

 

 

39.68

 

 

 

 

416

 

 

 

43.90

 

Vested and Released (1)

 

 

(319

)

 

 

46.67

 

 

 

 

(761

)

 

 

23.08

 

Units, in Lieu of Dividends

 

 

30

 

 

 

43.90

 

 

 

 

28

 

 

 

46.13

 

Forfeited

 

 

(51

)

 

 

46.17

 

 

 

 

(47

)

 

 

44.80

 

Unvested and Outstanding, End of Year

 

 

1,029

 

 

 

43.89

 

 

 

 

943

 

 

 

46.86

 

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 



Canadian Dollar Denominated Outstanding PSUs

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (C$)

 

 

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (C$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unvested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

365

 

 

 

62.10

 

 

 

 

487

 

 

 

45.30

 

Granted

 

 

159

 

 

 

56.32

 

 

 

 

149

 

 

 

59.49

 

Vested and Released (1)

 

 

(145

)

 

 

59.02

 

 

 

 

(259

)

 

 

29.04

 

Units, in Lieu of Dividends

 

 

11

 

 

 

60.85

 

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

62.10

 

Forfeited

 

 

(26

)

 

 

60.81

 

 

 

 

(22

)

 

 

62.40

 

Unvested and Outstanding, End of Year

 

 

364

 

 

 

60.85

 

 

 

 

365

 

 

 

62.10

 

 

(1)
During the year ended December 31, 2025, performance shares that vested and were cash-settled resulted in payments of $17 million (2024 ‑ $36 million; 2023 - $22 million).

As at December 31, 2025, there were approximately $22 million of unrecognized compensation costs (2024 ‑ $22 million) related to unvested PSUs. The costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

D)
DEFERRED SHARE UNITS

The Company has in place a program whereby Directors and certain key employees are issued DSUs, which vest immediately, are equivalent in value to a share of Ovintiv common stock and are settled in cash. DSUs are classified as a liability and remeasured at the end of each reporting period based on the change in fair value of the Company’s common stock.

Under the DSU Plan, employees have the option to convert either 25 or 50 percent of their annual bonus award into DSUs. The number of DSUs converted is based on the value of the award divided by the closing value of Ovintiv’s share price at the end of the performance period of the bonus award.

For both Directors and employees, DSUs can only be redeemed following departure from Ovintiv in accordance with the terms of the respective DSU Plan and must be redeemed prior to December 15th of the year following the departure from Ovintiv.

The following table summarizes information related to the DSUs:

 


(thousands of units)

 

U.S. Dollar Denominated
Outstanding DSUs

 

 

Canadian Dollar Denominated
Outstanding DSUs

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

24

 

 

 

18

 

 

 

146

 

 

 

147

 

Granted

 

 

5

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

2

 

Converted from Bonus Awards

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Units, in Lieu of Dividends

 

 

-

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

4

 

Redeemed (1)

 

 

(2

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

(34

)

 

 

(7

)

Vested and Outstanding, End of Year (2)

 

 

27

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

118

 

 

 

146

 

(1)
During the year ended December 31, 2025, deferred shares that vested and were cash-settled resulted in payments of $2 million (2024 ‑ nil; 2023 ‑ $2 million).
(2)
The intrinsic value of deferred shares outstanding at December 31, 2025, was $6 million (2024 - $7 million).
E)
RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS

RSUs are granted to eligible employees and Directors. An RSU is a conditional grant to receive a share of Ovintiv common stock or a cash equivalent at the Company’s discretion upon vesting of the RSUs and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RSU Plans and grant agreements.

RSUs issued to employees vest over their three-year service period. RSUs issued to Directors fully vest on the grant date and have no required term of service. RSUs issued to Directors before May 2022 are settled three years from the date granted or following the Director’s departure from Ovintiv, whichever is earlier. Beginning with the RSUs issued in May 2022, all RSU awards issued to Directors are equity-settled immediately upon issuance.

The following tables summarize information related to the RSUs:

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 



U.S. Dollar Denominated Outstanding RSUs

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (US$)

 

 

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (US$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unvested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

1,878

 

 

 

47.24

 

 

 

 

2,225

 

 

 

39.11

 

Granted

 

 

1,131

 

 

 

38.78

 

 

 

 

1,050

 

 

 

49.30

 

Units, in Lieu of Dividends

 

 

58

 

 

 

42.83

 

 

 

 

55

 

 

 

47.06

 

Vested and Released (1)

 

 

(903

)

 

 

46.31

 

 

 

 

(1,269

)

 

 

34.87

 

Forfeited

 

 

(197

)

 

 

45.77

 

 

 

 

(183

)

 

 

46.61

 

Unvested and Outstanding, End of Year

 

 

1,967

 

 

 

42.82

 

 

 

 

1,878

 

 

 

47.24

 

 

As at December 31

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 



Canadian Dollar Denominated Outstanding RSUs

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (C$)

 

 

 

Units
(thousands)

 

 

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (C$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unvested and Outstanding, Beginning of Year

 

 

798

 

 

 

63.47

 

 

 

 

982

 

 

 

51.93

 

Granted

 

 

486

 

 

 

55.89

 

 

 

 

420

 

 

 

67.13

 

Units, in Lieu of Dividends

 

 

26

 

 

 

59.96

 

 

 

 

23

 

 

 

63.43

 

Vested and Released (1)

 

 

(409

)

 

 

61.92

 

 

 

 

(550

)

 

 

45.80

 

Forfeited

 

 

(33

)

 

 

60.52

 

 

 

 

(77

)

 

 

63.12

 

Unvested and Outstanding, End of Year

 

 

868

 

 

 

59.96

 

 

 

 

798

 

 

 

63.47

 

 

(1)
During the year ended December 31, 2025, restricted shares that vested and were cash-settled resulted in payments of $5 million (2024 ‑ $7 million; 2023 - $18 million).

As at December 31, 2025, there were approximately $39 million of unrecognized compensation costs (2024 ‑ $40 million) related to unvested RSUs. The costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.