As of June 30

    

2025

    

2024

Property, plant and equipment, net

Land

$

33,050

$

30,624

Buildings and improvements

 

175,892

 

120,173

Machinery and equipment

391,992

273,965

Construction in progress

 

32,716

 

23,892

 

633,650

 

448,654

Accumulated depreciation

 

(278,960)

 

(245,354)

$

354,690

$

203,300

 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.