Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

 

 

December 31,
2025

 

 

December 31,
2024

 

Lab equipment

 

$

117,055

 

 

$

151,134

 

Total property and equipment, gross

 

 

117,055

 

 

 

151,134

 

Accumulated depreciation

 

 

(98,988

)

 

 

(94,802

)

Total property and equipment, net

 

$

18,067

 

 

$

56,332

 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.