A summary of property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, as of October 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
 October 31,
 20212020
 (in thousands)
Computer and other equipment$812,161 $788,105 
Buildings134,931 129,746 
Furniture and fixtures73,624 72,702 
Land19,965 19,965 
Leasehold improvements236,064 242,830 
1,276,745 1,253,348 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(1)
(804,347)(769,530)
Total$472,398 $483,818 
(1)Accumulated depreciation and amortization includes write-offs due to retirement of fully amortized fixed assets.

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.