Premises, equipment and software at cost are summarized as follows: 
 September 30,
 20252024
Land$8,619 $8,619 
Office buildings62,712 61,917 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment42,576 41,958 
Software1
30,401 21,591 
Leasehold improvements12,093 12,563 
156,401 146,648 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(116,379)(113,461)
Total$40,022 $33,187 

About PP&E Disclosures

The PP&E disclosure details a company's physical asset base — land, buildings, machinery, and equipment — along with the depreciation methods and useful life assumptions that determine how these costs flow through the income statement. Capitalization policy thresholds reveal management's judgment on the boundary between expense and asset, directly affecting both reported earnings and asset values.

Key signals: changes in estimated useful lives or depreciation methods can materially shift reported earnings without any operational change. Compare capital expenditures against depreciation expense — when capex consistently trails depreciation, the asset base may be aging and underinvested. Watch for large asset impairments or write-downs that signal overvalued carrying amounts. Asset retirement obligations reveal future environmental or decommissioning costs that are often underappreciated. Compare PP&E intensity (PP&E-to-revenue) against industry peers to assess capital efficiency and competitive positioning.