FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company assesses the inputs used to measure the fair value of certain assets and liabilities using a three-level hierarchy, as prescribed in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as defined below:
Level 1 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and are the most observable.
Level 2 inputs include inputs other than Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted market prices for similar but not identical assets or liabilities, quoted prices in inactive markets or other inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 inputs are not observable, are supported by little or no market activity and include management’s judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at July 31, 2025 and July 31, 2024 are as follows:

Input LevelJuly 31, 2025July 31, 2024
Cash equivalentsLevel 1$362,067 $310,210 
Deferred compensation plan mutual fund assetsLevel 1$12,302 $28,985 
Equity investmentsLevel 1$— $1,169 
Interest rate swap liabilities, netLevel 2$1,210 $1,137 
Warrants to purchase sharesLevel 2$10,885 $— 

Cash equivalents represent investments in short-term money market instruments that are direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury and/or repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury obligations. These investments are reported as a component of Cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred compensation plan assets accounted for at fair value are investments in securities (primarily mutual funds) traded in an active market held for the benefit of certain employees of the Company as part of a deferred compensation plan. Additional plan investments in corporate-owned life insurance are recorded at their cash surrender value, not fair value, and therefore are not included above.

Equity investments represent certain stock investments that are publicly traded in an active market.

The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows based on the applicable observable yield curves.

Warrants to purchase shares represent certain warrants to purchase common and preferred shares of a non-public company that is not actively traded. Fair value is determined based upon prices paid by investors for the same or similar securities. These warrants are reported as a component of Other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Sep 24, 2025Showing above
2024Sep 24, 2024
2023Sep 25, 2023
2022Sep 28, 2022
2021Sep 28, 2021
2020Sep 28, 2020
2019Sep 30, 2019
2018Sep 20, 2018
2017Sep 27, 2017
2016Sep 26, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.