Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820 prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation techniques into the following three levels:
Level 1 inputs are observable quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, but are not Level 1 inputs
Level 3 inputs are unobservable
The following fair value hierarchy table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
Fair Value HierarchyFair Value Hierarchy
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$734,553 $— $— $734,553 $455,084 $— $— $455,084 
Restricted cash(a)
35,641 — — 35,641 9,104 — — 9,104 
Restricted investments(b)
— 228,959 — 228,959 — 139,986 — 139,986 
Investments in lieu of retention(c)
27,849 159,142 — 186,991 38,359 106,765 — 145,124 
Total$798,043 $388,101 $— $1,186,144 $502,547 $246,751 $— $749,298 
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(a)Includes money market funds and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less when acquired.
(b)Restricted investments, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, consist of AFS debt securities, which are valued based on pricing models determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 assets.
(c)Investments in lieu of retention are included in retention receivable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and are composed of money market funds of $27.8 million and $38.4 million, respectively, and AFS debt securities of $159.1 million and $106.8 million, respectively. The fair values of the money market funds are measured using quoted market prices; therefore, they are classified as Level 1 assets. The fair values of AFS debt securities are determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 assets.
Investments in AFS debt securities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

As of December 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
(in thousands)Amortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair ValueAmortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair Value
Restricted investments:
Corporate debt securities$205,584 $1,900 $(472)$207,012 $118,421 $603 $(1,242)$117,782 
U.S. government agency securities12,300 11 (329)11,982 16,323 35 (663)15,695 
Municipal bonds10,282 32 (534)9,780 7,159 — (831)6,328 
Corporate certificates of deposit198 — (13)185 200 — (19)181 
Total restricted investments228,364 1,943 (1,348)228,959 142,103 638 (2,755)139,986 
Investments in lieu of retention:
Corporate debt securities140,749 844 (38)141,555 106,014 224 (491)105,747 
U.S. government agency securities4,337 — (43)4,294 — — — — 
Municipal bonds13,349 218 (274)13,293 830 188 — 1,018 
Total investments in lieu of retention158,435 1,062 (355)159,142 106,844 412 (491)106,765 
Total AFS debt securities$386,799 $3,005 $(1,703)$388,101 $248,947 $1,050 $(3,246)$246,751 
The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by category and the length of time that individual AFS debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
As of December 31, 2025
Less than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
(in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Restricted investments:
Corporate debt securities$57,673 $(221)$20,907 $(251)$78,580 $(472)
U.S. government agency securities3,056 (31)3,550 (298)6,606 (329)
Municipal bonds2,171 (7)4,894 (527)7,065 (534)
Corporate certificates of deposit— — 185 (13)185 (13)
Total restricted investments62,900 (259)29,536 (1,089)92,436 (1,348)
Investments in lieu of retention:
Corporate debt securities4,796 (37)2,982 (1)7,778 (38)
U.S. government agency securities4,294 (43)— — 4,294 (43)
Municipal bonds11,855 (274)— — 11,855 (274)
Total investments in lieu of retention20,945 (354)2,982 (1)23,927 (355)
Total AFS debt securities$83,845 $(613)$32,518 $(1,090)$116,363 $(1,703)
As of December 31, 2024
Less than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
(in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Restricted investments:
Corporate debt securities$23,985 $(159)$30,384 $(1,083)$54,369 $(1,242)
U.S. government agency securities4,371 (43)10,699 (620)15,070 (663)
Municipal bonds704 (13)5,560 (818)6,264 (831)
Corporate certificates of deposit— — 181 (19)181 (19)
Total restricted investments29,060 (215)46,824 (2,540)75,884 (2,755)
Investments in lieu of retention:
Corporate debt securities24,470 (149)37,755 (342)62,225 (491)
Total investments in lieu of retention24,470 (149)37,755 (342)62,225 (491)
Total AFS debt securities$53,530 $(364)$84,579 $(2,882)$138,109 $(3,246)
The amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2025 are summarized in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
(in thousands)Amortized CostFair Value
Due within one year$82,463 $82,483 
Due after one year through five years290,855 292,585 
Due after five years13,481 13,033 
Total$386,799 $388,101 
The carrying values of receivables, payables and other amounts arising out of normal contract activities, including retention, which may be settled beyond one year, are estimated to approximate fair value. Of the Company’s long-term debt, the fair value of the 2024 Senior Notes was $444.2 million and $441.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The fair values of the 2024 Senior Notes were determined using Level 1 inputs, specifically current observable market prices. The fair value of the Term Loan B was $121.9 million as of December 31, 2024. The fair value of the Term Loan B was determined using Level 2 inputs, specifically third-party quoted market prices. The reported value of the Company’s remaining borrowings approximates fair value as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 28, 2024
2022Mar 15, 2023
2021Feb 24, 2022
2020Feb 24, 2021
2019Feb 26, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2017Feb 27, 2018
2016Feb 23, 2017
2015Feb 29, 2016

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.