Interactive Strength, Inc. Income Taxes Disclosure
Note 20. Income Taxes
The components of loss before income taxes are as follows:
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, |
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|
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
||
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||
United States |
|
|
$ |
(22,217 |
) |
|
$ |
(34,523 |
) |
Foreign |
|
|
|
(1,751 |
) |
|
|
(411 |
) |
Loss from operations before income taxes |
|
|
$ |
(23,968 |
) |
|
$ |
(34,934 |
) |
The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:
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|
|
Year ended December 31, |
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|
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
||
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||
Current: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Federal |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
State |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
Foreign |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total current expense: |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
Deferred expense : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Federal |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
State |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Foreign |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total deferred expense: |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
The following table is a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the Company’s effective rate for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 in accordance with the guidance in ASU No. 2023-09:
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|
Year ended December 31, |
|
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|
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
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|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||||||||
Tax at Federal statutory rate |
|
|
$ |
(5,033 |
) |
|
21.00 |
% |
|
$ |
(7,336 |
) |
|
21.00 |
% |
Effect of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Nondeductible expenses |
|
|
|
(73 |
) |
|
0.31 |
% |
|
|
98 |
|
|
-0.28 |
% |
Nontaxable changes in fair value of convertible notes |
|
|
|
(6,012 |
) |
|
25.08 |
% |
|
|
27 |
|
|
-0.08 |
% |
Research and development tax credits |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
-0.55 |
% |
|
|
(375 |
) |
|
1.07 |
% |
State taxes, net of federal benefit |
|
|
|
988 |
|
|
-4.11 |
% |
|
|
(245 |
) |
|
0.70 |
% |
Foreign tax rate differential |
|
|
|
(70 |
) |
|
0.29 |
% |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
0.05 |
% |
Return to provision adjustments |
|
|
|
(114 |
) |
|
0.48 |
% |
|
|
174 |
|
|
-0.50 |
% |
Change in valuation allowance |
|
|
|
10,185 |
|
|
-42.49 |
% |
|
|
6,504 |
|
|
-18.62 |
% |
Disqualified debt |
|
|
|
(402 |
) |
|
1.68 |
% |
|
|
(604 |
) |
|
1.73 |
% |
Stock based compensation |
|
|
|
405 |
|
|
-1.69 |
% |
|
|
1,782 |
|
|
-5.10 |
% |
Total |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
-0.02 |
% |
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
-0.03 |
% |
The primary differences from the U.S. statutory rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 are due to the change in valuation allowance and State taxes, net of Federal benefit, partially offset by nontaxable changes in the fair value of convertible notes. The primary differences from the U.S. statutory rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 were are due to the change in valuation allowance, State taxes, net of Federal benefit and stock-based compensation including excess tax benefits.
On July 4, 2025, the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Acct (the "OBBA") was signed into law in the United States. The OBBA and relate notices include several significant provisions. The most significant impact is the reversal of capitalization of domestic research and development ("R&D") expenditures that was required under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was enacted in 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company was able to take a tax deduction for the unamortized balance of R&D costs and did not capitalize any domestic R&D expenditures. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company capitalized $2.6 million of domestic R&D expenses.
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the United States. Among other provisions, the Inflation Reduction Act includes a 15% minimum tax rate applied to corporations with profits in excess of $1 billion and also includes an excise tax on the repurchase of corporate stock. The Company has reviewed the provisions of the law and does not believe that any of the provisions will have a material impact on the Company's liquidity or results of operations.
On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan was enacted, which extends the period companies can claim an Employee Retention Credit, expands the IRC Section 162(m) limit on deductions for publicly traded companies, and repeals the election that allows U.S. affiliate groups to allocate interest expense on a worldwide basis, among other provisions. The Company reviewed the provisions of the law and determined it had no material impact for the year ended December 31, 2025.
On December 21, 2020, Congress passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. The act includes the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020 and the COVID-related Tax Relief Act of 2020, both of which extend many credits and other COVID-19 relief, among other extensions. The Company evaluated the provisions of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, including but not limited to the Employee Retention Credit extension, the extension for the IRC Section 45S credit for paid family and medical leave, and the provision allowing a full deduction for certain business meals, and determined that there was no material impact for the year ended December 31, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s deferred tax assets were primarily comprised of U.S. federal, U.S. state and foreign net operating losses (“NOLs”). A valuation allowance was maintained and/or established on the Company’s gross deferred tax asset balances in substantially all jurisdictions as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. The realization of deferred tax assets was based on the evaluation of current and estimated future profitability of the operations, reversal of deferred tax liabilities and the likelihood of utilizing tax credits and/or loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company determined that it has not reached the more likely than not standard
wherein deferred taxes will be realized due to the recent history of losses and management’s expectation of continued tax losses.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
. |
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|
Year ended December 31, |
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|
2025 |
|
|
2024 |
|
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|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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||
Net operating loss carryforwards - Federal |
|
|
$ |
33,745 |
|
|
$ |
26,762 |
|
Capitalized research and development |
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
3,244 |
|
Research and development tax credits |
|
|
|
4,978 |
|
|
|
5,209 |
|
Net operating loss carryforwards - State |
|
|
|
5,543 |
|
|
|
5,690 |
|
Net operating loss carryforwards - Foreign |
|
|
|
8,075 |
|
|
|
2,549 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
3,533 |
|
|
|
3,713 |
|
Change in fair market value of digital assets |
|
|
|
6,193 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Non-operating financing items |
|
|
|
1,709 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Fixed assets and intangibles |
|
|
|
2,104 |
|
|
|
1,939 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
Total deferred tax assets, gross: |
|
|
$ |
66,366 |
|
|
$ |
49,215 |
|
Valuation allowance |
|
|
|
(66,171 |
) |
|
|
(48,997 |
) |
Total deferred tax assets, net: |
|
|
$ |
195 |
|
|
$ |
218 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Right of Use Asset |
|
|
|
(181 |
) |
|
|
(210 |
) |
Unrealized gain/loss and other |
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
Total deferred tax liabilities: |
|
|
$ |
(195 |
) |
|
$ |
(218 |
) |
Deferred tax assets, net: |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had federal NOLs of approximately $160.7 million and $127.4 million, respectively, substantially all of which will be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had state NOLs of approximately $94.6 million and $95.0 million, respectively, which will begin to expire in 2029. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had foreign NOLs of approximately $32.3 million and $10.2 million, respectively, generated primarily from its operations in the United Kingdom, which will be carried forward indefinitely.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company also had federal and state tax credits of $2.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, which being to expire in 2040 for the federal tax credit and 2035 for the state tax credits.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company did not have material undistributed foreign earnings.
Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar provisions under state law limit the utilization of federal NOL carryforwards, state NOL carryforwards, and Research and Development (R&D) credits following certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest of significant stockholders over a three-year period in excess of 50%. Based on the Company’s analysis under Section 382, the Company believes that its federal NOL carryforwards, its state NOL carryforwards, and R&D credits are limited by Section 382 and similar provisions under state law as of December 31, 2025. The portion of federal NOL carryforwards, state NOL carryforwards, and R&D credits that were determined to be limited have been written off as of December 31, 2025. The remaining unused carryforwards and credits remain available for future periods. Due to the Company’s full valuation allowance, the write off of NOL carryforwards and R&D did not have any impact to the statements of operation and comprehensive loss.
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, various state and local jurisdictions, as well as foreign jurisdictions where the Company conducts business. Accordingly, on a continuing basis, the Company cooperates with taxing authorities for the various jurisdictions in which it conducts business to comply with audits and inquiries
for tax periods that are open to examination. The tax years ended from December 31, 2023 and 2022 and later remain open to examination by tax authorities in the United States and United Kingdom, respectively.
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Mar 31, 2026 | Showing above |
| 2024 | Mar 31, 2025 | |
| 2023 | Apr 1, 2024 | |
About Income Taxes Disclosures
The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.
Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.